The Nutritional Influences Of The Adult Human Skeleton

(Kling, J. M., Clarke, B. L., & Sandhu, N. P., 2014, p. 567). Osteoporosis risk factors

Osteoporosis, meaning porous bone from the Greek language, is bone disease that gradually and steadily wears down bone tissue and its living cells. This wearing down will eventually cause the cells of bone tissue to degrade and die, leaving their “scaffolding” to be the only things only bone together. Without living cells to take up a home in this scaffolding, minor injuries such as falls, bumping into objects, and pressure that would normally be completely and would not pose any threat to bone tissue suddenly becomes a real hazard that can easily pose a threat to one’s well-being. Osteoporosis affects a person skeletal system.

Bone is a living tissue with its own supply of blood and nerves. Bone remodeling is the process of bone being destroyed or bone resorption, or mineralization. Two types of cells are involved osteoblast for rebuilding and osteoclasts for destroying. Bone turnover is the rate of bone remodeling and five times higher for children than adults. The spongy bone is located at the ends with red bone marrow and most in. Osteoporosis is a disease which is a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) which mainly affects the spongy bone. This decrease in BMD causes an increase of fractures. The normal bone loses BMD and osteopenia develops first which progresses to osteoporosis. BMD peaks at twenty to thirty years of age and declines. The ranges of BMD could be as high as 1200 mg/cm dropping to 400 mg/cm in osteoporosis state. The risk factors for osteoporosis are low BMD from aging and vitamin D synthesis, less gastric juice for absorbing calcium, postmenopausal due to decreased estrogen amounts. People with low body weight have lower BMD and at risk for osteoporosis. Smoking impairs bone remodeling and alcoholism due to poor eating and exercise habits. Fractures of bones occur mostly in the hip, spine or vertebrae and wrist and forearm. A fracture in the hip can cause more complications. Twenty percent of people with hip fractures can die within several months. Calcium and vitamin D are needed in young adults or their BMD will not reach a high enough level. A diet high in protein with low calcium will cause loss of calcium in the urine. Weight bearing exercise stimulates the osteoblasts to build more bone. Walking is good for the legs and weight lifting for other bones. Swimming is not a good exercise for making bones stronger because the body weighs

As generally stated in the introduction, osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that involves the strength and integrity of one’s bones. The WHO defines osteoporosis as, “a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low-bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, increased bone fragility, and its susceptibly to recurrent fractures.” 2 The most important factor to take into account when addressing osteoporosis is the mass of bone, also referred to as, bone mineral density (BMD). As bone mass begins to decline, typically in the older population, specifically postmenopausal women, individuals are at an increased risk for fractures.3 As a result of this serious condition, many people are affected by morbidity, mortality, and economic difficulty.1

Osteoporosis is a detrimental bone condition, the tissue in the bones deteriorate and thus the bones become progressively brittle which presents a risk for rupture. Osteoporosis impacts more than 44 million Americans and is linked to a suggested 2 million bone fractures each year. According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, the amount of fissures due to osteoporosis may escalate above 3 million by the year 2025. Osteoporosis is typically undetected and advances with slight warning signs until a fissure ensues. Effects of osteoporosis encompass height reduction and a curved upper back, anyone can have osteoporosis, however it is prevalent in elderly women and many may break a bone due to this condition. Recovery and prevention are vital in combating osteoporosis, though it may never be eradicated one can take measures to stabilize bone density and gain strength.

Osteoporosis, also known as porous bone, is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue which leads to bone fragility and an increased risks of the hip, spine, and wrist. Both men and women are affected by this (although it affects women more) but it can be prevented and treated. In the United States, more than 40 million people either already have osteoporosis or at a high risk because of low bone mass.

What is osteoporosis exactly? Literally, osteoporosis means “porous bone”. Derived from oste/o, meaning bone, and –porosis, meaning the condition of being porous. It is an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation. Clinically defined as a disorder characterized by compromised bone strength leading to an increased risk of fracture (Lane, 2006). Normal bone structure includes an extracellular matrix with mineralized and non-mineralized components, which gives the bones their mechanical properties, as well as collagen and mineralized osteoid cells. Calcium concentration is extremely important is determining the compressive strength of the bone (Bethel, 2015). The structure of bone in an individual with osteoporosis has lost mineralization and collagen due to a decrease in the production of these components as a result, the bones become porous and brittle. Bone is living tissue, constantly being broken down and reformed through out life. Derived from

Osteoporosis is an age related disorder, more common in females compared to males. Osteoporosis is defined as a “skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing to increased risk of fractures (Manolagaas, 2014). Osteoporosis is defined as “a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue (What is osteoporosis?2014). Osteoporosis is sometimes also referred as “silent thief” as the bone loss occurs very slowly and silently without any symptoms (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). The most common site for fracture due to osteoporosis is hip followed by humerus (Woltman & den Hoed, 2010) . Osteoporosis can occur at any age, although it is a disorder common in females (especially post-menopausal females). Everyone is prone to osteoporosis (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). According to Osteoporosis Canada, 1 in 3 Canadian females and 1 in 5 Canadian males may suffer fractures due to osteoporosis during their lifetime (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). Canadian health care system spends 1.2 billion dollars for the acute hospitalization caused by osteoporosis and in 2010 the health care system spent 3.9 billion dollars for the total treatment of osteoporosis (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). Osteoporosis can be screened and diagnosed by various methods; however the dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA) is commonly used. If the T-score values are less than -1 and greater than -2.5SD it is termed as osteopenia,

Osteoporosis is a condition of decreased bone mass. This leads to fragile bones which are at an increased risk for fractures. In fact, it will take much less stress to an osteoporotic bone to cause it to fracture. The term "porosis" means spongy, which describes the appearance of osteoporosis bones when they are broken in half and the inside is examined. Osteoporosis or porous bone, is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to bone fragility and an increased susceptibility to fractures of the hip, spine, and wrist.

Osteoporosis is the most frequent skeletal alteration. It is categorized as an atrophy of the bone tissue (Beskow 1997). It is a generalized, progressive diminution of bone tissue mass per unit volume, causing skeletal weakness, even though the ratio of mineral to organic elements is unchanged in the remaining morphologically normal bone. Histologically there is a reduction in cortical thickness and in the number and size of the trabeculae of cancellous bone, normal width of the osteoid seams. Bone reabsorption is increased; bone formation appears to be normal but defective (Bullock, 1984).

If you have more questions about reducing your risk of getting osteoporosis contact your family doctor for more

Although people have been told they have osteoporosis, they do not always associate a fracture with the diagnosis (Giangregorio, 2008).

     Osteoporosis is a health ailment which causes bones to become so porous that they can break easily. Osteoporosis literally means 'porous bones'. The bones in our skeleton are made of a thick outer shell and a strong inner mesh filled with collagen [protein], calcium salts and other minerals. The inside looks like honeycomb, with blood vessels and bone marrow in the spaces between bone. Osteoporosis occurs when the holes between bone become bigger, making it fragile and liable to break easily. Osteoporosis usually affects the whole skeleton but it most commonly causes breaks or fractures to bone in the wrist, spine and hip.

Osteoporosis is a chronic skeletal disease resulting from deterioration in micro-architecture marked by general impairment of bone mass and a consequent decline in bone strength (1, 2). This manifests as an increase in the propensity to fragility fractures of the vertebrae, wrist, hip and other skeletal sites. Fractures as a result of fragility lead to increasing morbidity and consequently mortality in this population (3). It may also impair mobility, resulting in decreased quality of life and significant social and financial burden (4, 5).

Osteoporosis is described by the NHS as “a condition that weakens bones” and is fairly common, affecting roughly 3 million, with more than 300,000 people receiving treatment each year. Fractures are extremely common as the weakened bones are more susceptible to damage, even coughing may cause vertebral damage. Osteoporosis can be classified as type I or II, “both type I and type II osteoporosis occur through an imbalance between total skeletal bone formation and bone resorption which is sustained over many years” (Theobald, 2005), and are related to a lack of vitamin