The New Imperialism During the 19th Century Essay

Nationalism: is a strong feeling of pride in one’s country and believing that one’s country is better than other country and this aggressive nationalism in the early 1900’s was a source of tension in Europe, which fueled the war. Nationalism was very strong in France and Germany; it unified the Germans, as they were proud of their growing military and industrial strength. While, France wanted to regain its position as a leading European power. Similarly, Russia had encouraged a form of nationalism in Eastern Europe called Pan Slavism. It drew all Slavic people and Russia was the largest Slavic country ready to defend small Serbia. Multinational Austria Hungary opposed Slavic national movements. After Napoleon’s exile to Elba congress of Vienna was held and it tried to solve the problem in Europe. Delegates of Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia agreed upon a new Europe whereas Germany and Italy were left as divided states. So there

The process of decolonization proved to have its own struggles within those who were seeking their independence from imperialist powers. Evidently, these nationalist movements were different in many regions, but they generally shared the sentiment that “Westernization” had taken something away from them. This proved to be the case in Africa and Asia, where the colonization movement from imperialist powers was of strong presence, and that had trouble weakening during and after the Cold War. Part of this struggle was due to the forms of government that were imposed, and because many of these colonies had been in this position for such long time that they were not able to predict upcoming conflicts after their independence. However, in many cases, the problems were more complicated and often implied a combination of reaction to westernization and internal conflicts. Undoubtedly,

1. What is ‘imperialism’? How did 19th-century colonialism, empire building, high imperialism differ from those of earlier times: in particular from the colonialism of early- modern mercantilism (16th to18th centuries)?

D. The establishment of Great Powers as guardians of the European peace increased hostility and jealousy among nations as some of the non-Great Power nations felt hurt by their exclusion of this prestigious title.

Imperialism is the policy of extending the role of authority of a nation over a foreign country, usually in material gain. In the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, the United States went through an era of imperialism. At the time, the US was quite powerful, but was looking to continue to spread their territory, make themselves even stronger, and have multiple trade routes to have all the resources they needed and wanted.

Imperialism was a time period in which more developed nations colonized less developed nations. The developed nations took advantage of the less developed nations resources, people, lands, and much more. Many countries lost their freedom and independence due to imperialism, however, they also received new technologies and innovations.

Imperialism is a policy that has positively impacted nations and their development for centuries. This was especially true during the late 1800s and early 1900s, when many European nations began to expand far beyond their borders. Imperialistic policies were not only good for the development of countries that were expanding, but in many cases, the countries that were being expanded into as well.

Imperialism has been a long standing ideology that is able to withstand the tests of time due to the applicability of the concept. The general definition of Imperialism, as provided by Merriam-Webster, is the practice in which a country furthers its power by the means of control and domination in other regions of the world. This took on a new form as the nineteenth-century approached, as Traditions & Encounters a Global Perspective on the Past elaborated, it mainly pertained to European powers at this time and their control over colonial land and the world of influence. 19th century imperialists had three main foci, these being economic, political, and cultural motifs, these foci dominated the reasons for imperialism in the nineteenth-century and determined how nations would interact with the world and others; these foci would often find conflicts with each other and overlap causing disruption in the goals of the nations involved.

During the nineteenth century, a significant gap started to emerge between the dominant Western powers an the rest of the world (Marks). The effects of this gap, built in large part on circumstance and chance can still be seen to this day. The long term impacts of western colonialism extend far beyond the boundaries of the newly industrialized societies, helping build the foundation for western peri-industrial imperialist culture. The causes for a nation’s transition into a more nationalistic identity are usually complex and nuanced, historically these shifts tend to correspond to reactions to periods of great pressure and struggle or periods of great economic triumph and innovation.

His rosy view of globalization at the beginning of the twentieth century is also naïve in that it downplays the role and the potential strength of nationalism, especially during times of crisis, and refers to military spending and arms buildup as “economically futile” rather than as dangerous but necessary, as they in fact were.

What effect has decolonization brought? The decolonized nations cope with their own course of action on all fronts - economic, social, political and cultural. Even as they struggle to rid themselves of the shackles of the erstwhile influences, they try to regain touch with their ‘golden past’ and also believe in a brighter future. With centuries of economic exploitation to undo, it does seem to be a daunting task. However, colonial theorists like Frantz Fanon believe that the colony regaining its place in the order, returning to its hierarchic origin is but inevitable.

What is the New Imperialism and what were the cause and effects in the World Wars in order to understand what is the “New Imperialism”, we must first learn and define Imperialism: a policy or practice by which a country increases its power by gaining control over other areas of the world: the effect that a powerful country or group of countries has in changing or influencing the way people live in other, poorer countries. The New Imperialism takes on effects in the late 19th century this is when there is an interest or wanting to gain a imperial territory, Imperialism is also consider to be when there is a desire to control a trading routes and resources in a nation. A perfect example of the New Imperialism is called the "Scramble for Africa", this is when Europe tries to takes control over Africa. In the late 19th century Europe struggle to destabilize and to balance the power that they once had before Italy and Germany became unify.

The ‘Age of New Imperialism’ in Britain was a time of prosperity and total domination. Compared to previous years of imperialism, this period was focused primarily on benefitting the colonial power, Britain, instead of establishing new settlements. Even though the British imperialism of the late 19th century/early 20th century brought great wealth, knowledge, and technological advancements to the country, it was at the expense of many ‘other’ people in the empire. Britain, and Europe as a whole, had to find a way to justify their ‘superiority’ over these other countries subsequently leading scientists decided to use their background and knowledge to create disciplines that had racist ideologies at the root. These pseudo-sciences were constructed to rationalize the imperialism during the 19th century. This paper will discuss some of the most influential sciences produced during the late 19th century, including social Darwinism, eugenics, and phrenology, that were used to justify British Imperialism and how they supported imperialism.

Before labor become modernized, it was a means to construct the New World during its formation in the late fifteenth century. After Christopher Columbus and the Spaniards discovered what would now be called the Americas, the use of labor became intensely racialized during the centuries to follow. This foreign land became a new territory in which the Europeans believed they could control to gain wealth and power. The manpower used to construct the European settlements included certain forms of coerced and forced labor, which included white indentured servants, Native Americans and African slaves. Native Americans would resist often with fierce aggression against the white settlers and indentured servitude would diminish after wealthy colonists succeeded in breaking ties between white and black laborers. The English colonists would need large amounts of labor to produce high volumes of agriculture that was created by the tobacco and farming industries. It resulted in the increased trade and use African slaves becoming the permanent form of labor because they were viewed as the cheapest and disposable form of labor. Africans became disadvantaged because their skin color meant they were seen as inferior or as property to own and gave motive to the Europeans to conquer them. In the eyes of Western Europe, being black was equal to being a slave which allowed the formation of an African based slavery and would become engrained in America’s history. More specifically, interracial

Nations and nationality are often seen as important identifying markers, unlike Empires which claim authority over a vast demographic of peoples and beliefs. Nationalism sought to centralize power through uniformity of a homogenous populace. For decades, the idea of the nation and nationalism have been used as a focal point for the West. The shift from Agrarian communities in the West to an industrial society was mainly fueled by the advancement of literature and education. Religion served as a catalyst for this shift for it was able to link groups of people through the concept of God. Religion also gave these new authorities legitimacy and argument for their claim of power. The implications of saying that a nation is imagined basically questions the entire foundation of Western civilization. The West prides itself in particular in strong nationalistic ideologies such as American Exceptionalism and Irish nationalism. This can especially be observed in how the West likes to identify along National lines using markers such as: French, American, German or Irish. The issue in using such broad markers is that it fails to highlight the hidden interests behind today's modern nations. It begs us to reexamine some of humanity's deadliest conflicts and examine motives behind them. The concept of Nationalism and the nation must be viewed as a human invention at the hands of political dynasties who managed to link the ethnic and civic forms of nationalism through religion to establish