The Netherlands Revolt

In the 17th century, the Dutch Republic experienced a Golden Age and was able to maintain security, unity, and prosperity in its society and economy. The nation was considered a leading power, especially in trade and ideas, within Europe. However, it was not long before circumstances changed and the state face many problems establishing peace and agreement. By the end of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th centuries, there had been a significant change in the Dutch Republic’s power, for multiple factors and reasons. From 1650 to 1713, not only external factors such as European intervention and British trading competition, but also internal division damaged the Dutch Republic and challenged its authority as a

In addition, there were many domestic and foreign policies Philip II created during his rule in power. One policy he created was against the Muslims. As of the year that he created the policy, he lost half of the strength of his navy from losing wars with the Turkish Empire, as talked about before ("Philip II"). While attempting to repair his navy back to its full strength once again, the Muslim pirates attacked Spain. Prisoners were taken, but King Philip was able to bring back his navy, but soon enough, the Turks attacked again and it was looking very poor for Spain at this point ("Good King Philip?"). After many more small wars, both sides were left with very little military presence, so Spain and France signed a truce. Philip II also created a two-fold policy: “He sent ministers to Portugal to build up support for him being king which would have meant Spain absorbing Portugal into her kingdom” (Trueman). He also created a very large army, also stated above. The noblemen of Portugal supported Philip II, and also clearly hoped to get rewards for their support. Nearly all of the problems Philip II faced were results of his policies and problems that were soon to be fixed.

Philip Augustus undoubtedly faced weak Angevin opposition. However, it was the economic, administrative and ideological changes that had taken place in Capetian France, which were the real driving force behind Philip 's success. John’s comparative weakness and poor leadership credentials made Capetian success even more likely, but did not make it inevitable. Philip had to harness the French economy and win the support of his nobility. He was so successful in these endeavors that he would have been a match for any 12th century European power.

During the radical phase of the Revolution, the mobs began to target anyone who came to power and tried to secure equality for all men. Overtime the Directory began to take money for themselves and disregard the more pressing problems. The legislature was unable to help the rising bread prices, and it rekindled the sans-culottes riots. The Directory suppressed the riots but the increasing royalist feelings and general distrust began to foreshadow more revolts. Many of the Catholics welcomed back émigrés who spread constitutional monarchy. The change that had been accomplished was slowly being undone so politicians looked to the popular military leader Napoleon Bonaparte to use until the citizens settled down. Napoleon outsmarted them but the many successful changes that had occurred still remained. The system would have worked without an issue if leaders had not been corrupted by power and forgotten the struggle of being a working or middle class

The first cause of the revolution to be discussed: the inequality in estates. To understand this, one must first understand the meaning of the word estate. An estate was a form of social classes made up of the first estate (clergy), the second estate (nobles), and the third estate (peasants and bourgeoisie). The problem with these estates was that the third estate was taxed much more heavily than the second estate, while the first estate was not taxed at all. This led to poverty and starvation as “the price of bread has risen above people’s ability to pay” (Doc A). Even worse for thee third estate, while they were starving and fighting to provide for their families, the first two estates were going on about their lives without concern for those dying of preventable causes.

This would be different from a monarchy, since generally, monarchs do not take the people's wishes into consideration. This statement is made aware and seen in The Declaration of Rights of Men in article 14, it states, “All the citizens have a right to decide, either personally or by their representatives, as to the necessity of the public contribution; to grant this freely; to know to what uses it is put; and to fix the proportion, the mode of assessment and of collection and the duration of the taxes.”. (evidence packet) In this case, the article is stating that with representatives the people will be able to have more control on how they will live their lives. The government governed in many unfair ways, and even though many people were not educated, they knew they were being oppressed and wanted reforms made. France, was an absolutist country, which enabled the king to make any decision that he wanted. The kings had managed to tame the nobles and all bureaucrats were loyal and would do what the king told them. This did not leave any room for the third estate, people other than the nobles and priests, to have an opinion on how they were governed. When the people realized that the king would make

However, it was the noble’s responsibility to control any rebellions in that land. In turn, the noble had duties as supply the king with men to fight battles, as well as to remain loyal. When nations like France and Russia became absolutist nations, the role of the nobles decreased. From 1650 to 1750, the power of the nobles decreased because of the king did not want to divide his power, the needs

Since the many splits and merges of various religions, it seems that the Jewish people have never seemed to be accepted in any other religious domain. In this Petition, the Jewish people have been kicked out of yet another country, Brazil, which was previously under the power of the typically religious tolerant Dutch. This petition is a way for the Jewish people to contact the Dutch West India Company to address the fact that they are making it more difficult for the Jewish people to travel and live in another country.

The Dutch at the time were becoming very powerful because unlike the French they were offering free trade. Allowing free trade was leading to the rise of power for the Dutch, they were increasing ports and more people were preferring to trade with them. During the 17th century the Dutch was going through The Golden Age and they had to finance the growing trade with the trade routes, as a result of this the Bank of Amsterdam was created. During the time Calvinism was the state's religion, the Netherlands were a tolerant state, but mostly the people that gained from the Golden Age were the Protestants. During this era the middle class was beginning to rise and was the leading class because of the free market. People were not being taxed for their products and were able to trade with whomever they wanted. The Dutch republic was based not like a monarchy but more anti-monarchism because they believed that every citizen had a right to vote. The Dutch had an Egalitarian view and they wanted every person to be equal and to have the same rights. The Dutch’s Egalitarian view affected how they responded to the command of Philip II of Spain when Philip tried to make everyone Catholic. Instead of listening the Dutch started the Dutch Revolt. The Main reason that they fought back was to protect their values and

Military strategy forever had been battles of attrition, men throwing themselves at each other until a winner was determined, this form of battle was replaced in Europe during the 16th and 17th century. The change in military strategy took place mostly in Europe, and the countries at the forefront of this were the Swedish empire and the Netherlands. The Swedes and Dutch changed many military strategies and practices which were in place for thousands of years and changed the standard for militaries. They helped to show the first realistic application of David versus Goliath, using smart tactics paired with a smaller army to destroy militaries of greater size. The two smallest nations in Europe took control and led the world in military innovations in the 16th and 17th century through competition and loss. The Swedes and Dutch managed to create fluid militaries which were able to overpower larger armies through deception and agility. The Swedish and Dutch nations during the 16th and 17th century gained military strength through the reformation of tactics, reorganization of the military, improvisation of weapons, and as a result changed the image and action of the military forever. The idea of a military revolution was first explored by a man named Michael Roberts in the 1950s. Roberts said that if the Swedish Empire and the Netherlands had not developed as they did, military strategy and organization would have not evolved for much later.

As our discussion post provided this week, the colonists responded with rebellion because of the new acts that were imposed upon them by the British (Schultz, K., 2013). Their attempt to reform the American colonies contributed to the growth of the Revolutionary movement because the British tried to enforce stricter policies and laws (Schultz, K. M., 2013). The British wanted to tighten the policies over the colonial officials so that it would reduce the corruption, the British wanted control over the area of land that the settlers occupied, and they wanted to raise revenue by taxing goods. Although the British were adamant about their purpose, the colonist believed that rebelling against them would help in receiving their independence.

The topic of the American Revolution is a topic that has been discussed on multiple levels and is extremely well-known, especially within the United States. The details are a little on the generic and basic side but it is at least understood on some level. Most people are aware of the American standpoint, the what, why, how, and when, but there is much more depth to what occurred. The war was obviously between the Americas and the Mother country of Britain, but there were more than just those two parties involved in the war. More people had a stake in the matter. They had many things to gain and just as many, or possible even more to lose. The French played a role in helping the colonists win the revolution but another underrated group of people in the war were the Indians. Another well-known fact is the land issue between the Americans and the Natives. The Americans were constantly butting heads with the Indians and pushing for more land. During the revolution the Natives chose the side of the British for the most part, and as all know, were on the losing side. Would it have mattered in the land issues if they had chosen differently, or would the same outcome have eventually happened? In all honesty, maybe over a longer time frame, the land would have eventually still ended up in the hands of the Americans.

Philip The Third found himself in a position of great power and responsibility and was not prepared to handle it. However, he ended up making many decisions that rebuilt Spain to its former glory, and Spain was able to maintain peace and prosperity during his reign. He made many mistakes by giving his power to the nobles and spending large amounts of money on pointless wars, but ultimately he was an effective leader and Spain was able to maintain its power under his

During the eighteenth century there was one central political cause for the French Revolution. King Louis XVI was a weak ruler who endured a lavish lifestyle. He disregarded the people’s needs, leaving much of the French population in discontent. Prior to the revolution the form of government was Absolute monarchy led by Louis XVI. The problem with absolute monarchy was that people were denied basic rights, and a say in government because the divine right theory was abused. The King ruled by the divine right of theory which

The American Revolution was one of the most important battles in history. It led to the Declaration of Independence and the freedom of America from the British. No one can really say what the exact cause of the Revolution was, but there were many important social, cultural, political and economic causes that led up to the war.