The Mound Building Peoples Of The Eastern United States

Other historic and archeological facts can be disturbed by this as well so it is a major issue. An example of those who would be blamed for the buildings of the mounds in the eighteenth century would be the Vikings, people from the Lost City of Atlantis, Hindus, or the Lost Tribes of Israel when it actually turned out to be the Adena Native Americans who did this (O’Riley 315).Due to none of the other Native Americans in the area doing this type of work, it was always thought that an outside group had done this. However, in the nineteenth century, it became clear that the Native Americans had done this. An example of a piece that was hard for architects to determine who the piece was made by was the human effigy pipe (O’Riley 315-316). This pipe was dug up out of the mounds before they had realized that the Native Americans had built the mounds and it led architects to believing that one of the other groups had made the piece. They were eventually able to figure out that the Native Americans had made the piece

The Enlightened Archaeologist – an article authored by Jeffrey Hantman and Gary Dunham chronicles Thomas Jefferson’s investigation of the Indian burial mound located on the South Fork of the Rivanna River in the 18th century. The site excavated by Jefferson, however, is no longer visible, most likely due to dissipation by inevitable natural occurrences (I.E. excessive rainfall, flooding rivers, etc.) or human activity such as farming. The “Father of American Archaeology” correctly predicts the latter in his book, Notes on the State of Virginia, in which he states, mounds “…put under cultivation are much reduced in their height, and spread in width, by the plough, and will probably disappear in time” (1787). Fortunately for Archaeologists of the late 20th century (1988) an Indian burial mound identical to that of the one Jefferson described in his book was uncovered just 14 miles from the South Fork of the Rivanna River.

Located in present day Collinsville, Illinois is Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, which was once home to the largest city north of Mexico from 700 to 1400 A.D. Settled by the Mississippian people, today their decline remains a mystery. First visited in 1811 by traveler Henry Brackenridge and considered the “discoverer of Cahokia” only in the sense that he wrote several papers and articles about the findings to the public’s attention. After walking around the mounds, Brackenridge described that the locations of the last inhabitants were clearly visible to him, as were fragments of their tools and utensils. Many extensive archeological excavations and several case study theories have come about through the years as to why this magnificent ancient metropolis faced such demise.

Chaatsmith, M. L.(2013). Singing at a Center of the Indian World: The SAI and Ohio Earthworks. The American Indian Quarterly 37(3), 181-198. In her article, Chaatsmith presented the Newark Earthworks as the largest geometric earthen enclosures owned by the historical society of Ohio, whilst the Hopewell (the name given to the people who is believed to have constructed these earthwork) culture historic national park is owned by the National Park Services of Ohio. Chaatsmith argues that, the earthwork exemplify cultural significance of the ancient Ohio occupants. She further claimed, the observatory at the Octagon Earthworks was engineered to serve a special purpose. More to the point, the Indigenous people of the Eastern Woodlands built the Octagon Earthworks walls and entryways to track all eight of the alignments during the entire lunar cycle. The article also claim it’s possible that those who formulated and constructed the Newark Earthworks used the earth and sky to bring into existence something central and transformation to their communities. It is reports that attempts was made to connect with American Indian natives to further understand the complexity of such structures, but was unsuccessful. A framework was suggested of the importance for the future generations of American Indian decent to work alongside archaeologist and others in attempts to However, in relevance to this project the article present some of the challenges of understanding the significance of

Chapter 1 New World Beginnings 33,000 b.c.e-1769 The shaping of North America • The large mountain ranges of western North America • Eastern river valleys near Appalachians • Large lakes formed, known as Great Lakes • Lake Bonneville, once covering most of Utah, Idaho, and Nevada, evaporated and drained Peopling the Americas • Nomadic Asian hunters migrated from Eurasia, presumably following game • Split into thousands of different tribes • Some civilizations built elaborate cities, made mathematical and astronomical advances The Earliest Americans • Agriculture played a large role in the size, sophistication, and achievements of the Native American civilizations in Mexico and South America • Corn planting turned nomadic hunting bands

There are many ways in which we can view the history of the American West. One view is the popular story of Cowboys and Indians. It is a grand story filled with adventure, excitement and gold. Another perspective is one of the Native Plains Indians and the rich histories that spanned thousands of years before white discovery and settlement. Elliot West’s book, Contested Plains: Indians, Goldseekers and the Rush to Colorado, offers a view into both of these worlds. West shows how the histories of both nations intertwine, relate and clash all while dealing with complex geological and environmental challenges. West argues that an understanding of the settling of the Great Plains must come from a deeper understanding, a more thorough

o Known for mound building; largest mound is the Great Serpent Mound: 1300 ft long, built by the Mississippian.

When you hear of an Advanced Ancient civilization in North America, you usually think of either Mayans, Aztecs, or sometimes the Olmec. But in this paper I won’t be talking about any of those civilizations, we’ll be talking about the Native Americans that lived in the Mississippi Valley, by the Mississippi River. That have their capital not 6 miles outside of St.Louis.

As one can see, the earthworks of the Ohio and Mississippi valley are critical in the understanding the past. They provide great clues about the migration of the Ancient people of this land. It is still not understood how the Western World was settled and under great debate. Any clues that are available should be used and the mounds are a great source. Native

Throughout all regions above Mexico, Native Americans from all different tribes built structures that were useful to them. They built burial mounds all across the Mississippi River Valley and other regions. These mounds came in all shapes and sizes, and some even had figures of

Native Americans that lived in the Great Plains had to have been part of one of four tribes. The four tribes were the Cheyenne, the Lakota, the Osage, or the Pawnee. The region in which they lived was the Mid-West, areas in which we now call Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, etc. The weather area is very harsh, considering the tornadoes and other absurd weather conditions. Since there are many tornadoes in those areas, they had to figure out a way to make extremely sturdy houses. Their main source of food on this flat land was hunting. They would hunt deer, elk, buffalo, bear, and wild turkey. Most of the tribes had their own language, two of which being Siouan, which was for the Osage tribe and Caddoan, which was for the Pawnee tribe. Some of the

Of all the features upon the earth there are some ascribed with special significance. These features, whether caves, lakes, deserts, outcroppings, or something else entirely, hold tremendous relevance for the groups that dwell near them. Such beliefs in the worth and importance of such sites are entrusted from one passing generation to the next. These beliefs, and the physical objects they rest upon, become increasingly vital to that group’s identity as a people. One such group is the Teton Lakota of the Sioux Nation in South Dakota, an area that has been home to them for hundreds of years and, while their entire homeland is precious to them, of particular importance are the Black Hills, or Paha Sapa as they are called in Lakota.

American archaeologist and anthropologist, Stephen Plog, wrote an account of the pre-Columbian natives of the Americans titled Ancient Peoples of the American Southwest. Plog’s purpose is to communicate the cultural and ritualistic lifestyles of the prehistoric natives of the southwest, which spans across the states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Nevada with some mention of trade with Mexico. The author has demonstrated an effective approach of an objective viewpoint on the lives of the prehistoric south westerners using sources from excursions from previous archaeologists such as, Paul S Martin and David R Wilcox among many others who excavated the vacant villages of the southwest.

The Myth of the Moundbuilders is a myth accepted by American settlers from Europe, in North America into the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. America was being populated and the new colonizers began to notice many artificial earthworks all around the continent. Circular, straight and mound statues were built and uncovered when the new farmers started to clean around the trees in the forest.

Mound Builders: Members of any of a number of cultures that developed east of theMississippiRiverin what is now the United States and that are distinguished by their large earthen mounds, builtduring theperiod2000b.c.e. –1250c.e.