The Issue Of Health Care Systems

Healthcare systems vary from country to country (Chatterjee 24). The Bismarck Model utilizes private providers (Reid 17). For the most part it is paid for by employers and workers both (Reid 17). The Bismarck Model is not-for-profit and everyone is insured (Reid 17). Countries that follow the Bismarck Model of healthcare include France, Japan, Germany, Switzerland, and Belgium, and somewhat Latin America (Reid 17).

Every developed country around the globe is going through a lot of difficulties in providing better healthcare to its citizens. As stated by Norris (2002) the causes are universal and the increase in the percentage of elderly people which require better healthcare, the increasing cost of medical technology, patients' expectations of services and quality, and economic and social changes that reduce the state's ability to fund healthcare while increasing its involvement. All of these factors drive up costs and reduce equity of access (Norris, 2002).

The cost of care has been a growing problem throughout developed nations during the last 15 years. For example, across 34 nations that make up the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the average per capita health care expenditure increased by more than 70 percent between 2000 and 2010. However, the biggest spenders — such as

A national health care system in the United States has been a contentious topic of debate for over a century. Social reformists have been fighting for universal health care for all Americans, while the opposition claims that a “social” heath care system has no place in the ‘Land of the Free’.

An alternative lies in the Bismarck model of healthcare. In this system, employers and employees jointly finance insurance through payroll deductions (PNHP, 2010). In contrast to the U.S. insurance industry, insurance plans in this model do not make a profit but must include all citizens. This option may provide a better choice for the U.S. because doctors and hospitals remain private and people still have the freedom to choose their own plans (Wallace, 2013). According to Michael Borowitz, a senior health policy analyst at the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in Paris, “What makes it most interesting from a U.S. perspective is that it uses private insurers, [instead of Medicaid and Medicare] the public insurance is actually covered through private insurance, thorough the government regulating private insurers” (PBS, 2009). This model is what the United States should emulate in the future to ensure the better health of a nation. The system in the Netherlands provides a success story of Bismarck system implementation.

A key feature to this system, much like the Beveridge Model, is that it is strictly non-profit and government-run. No one is denied coverage in the Bismarck Model. Most hospitals are privately run. Countries that operate their health care systems using the Bismarck Model include Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Japan. National Health Insurance Model

Universal Healthcare sounds appealing, but it actually lowers the quality and quantity of healthcare services that are rendered to patients, thus downgrading the healthcare system as a whole.  Not having to pay, with everyone having coverage leads to longer wait times for medical service and many people overusing health care services. Implementation of Universal Healthcare in the United States would lead to a detrimental crippling of the nation’s health system. For those countries that have implemented Universal Healthcare or a system similar to it, all or most aspects of the coverage such as cost and care is generally provided by and tightly controlled by the government, a public-sector committee, or employer-based programs, with most of the funding essentially coming from tax revenues or budget cuts in other areas of spending. This paper will conclude with comparing the US healthcare system to others and how the US has one of the most advanced systems in the world.

The United States health care system is lacking the needs to create a reliable system to achieve quality, access, cost, and educate for the consumers. Despite the efforts of the government to find a common ground to meet the standard for the societies, the system has yet to have a major improvement. These issues must be reexamined to fix the broken system. The United States health care expenditure is another issue that needs to be addressed to achieve the future goals of the healthcare system in the United States. Healthcare societies will need to interact differently by incorporating consumer’s empowerment, technology, and education to meet the future goals of the health care system. Also, the consumer must be highly educated on the purpose of preventive care to lower the risk of chronic diseases which account for a lot health care spending. The process of correcting the United States health care system will take time and effort from all individual to achieve greatness.

Out of the nineteen candidates running for president, Ben Carson, Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders, and Donald Trump were chosen for the analysis of their plans for the United States health care system. The United States health care system has been in need of adjustment for years, with prices being paid over double per capita compared to other countries. While they have some similar views on current issues, there are drastic differences in the candidates’ ideas for change.

As some people were skeptical about the basis for the ranking, several studies were conducted, this time including “amenable mortality” in the criteria. France was first in the ranking. One good thing about France’s health care system is that everyone has health care. The country is also reported to rely on private and government insurance. Unlike the United States, France lets its citizens to have freedom in choosing hospitals, doctors, and care. Additionally, the health care system does not put much constrain on doctors with regards to making medical decisions. The same situation is evident on German health care system, where everyone has fully portable health insurance which comes with package of benefits. Like France, Germany lets its patients have freedom in choosing doctor and hospital during illness. A survey showed that patients and physicians in Germany are both satisfied with their health care system (Reinhardt, 1994, p.22).

The healthcare system plays a key role in the economic stability of our country, as every year trillions are spent in attempt to combat disease and health issues that plaque humanity. As it makes up a significant amount of the expenditures in the economy, so the costs associated with health care of those in pain from illness and injury, including lost productivity, increased need of assistance in living and also the cost of death in some cases, is important to the economic stability and over all standard of living in our country. The key to economic prosperity is balancing the need for care with the costs of illness to keep as many people healthy and well without breaking the bank of collective society. The costs of healthcare have been increasingly problematic in recent years with so many issues surrounding the current system. With the “total health care spending in the United States expected to reach $4.8 trillion in 2021, up from $2.6 trillion in 2010 and $75 billion in 1970, meaning that health care spending will account for nearly 20 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), or one-fifth of the U.S. economy, by 2021” (Aetna). With this in mind it is apparent that as we look at the trillion-dollar industry of the medical community it seems that it needs to be a major focus of our nation as a whole and with the many issues come many creative solutions. First let us analyze the reasons behind the current cost and the major problems facing this industry and than discus what

The United States as compared to Bismarck Model and other universal health care systems is lacking control and so fragmented especially to other nations. Bismarck Model or as stated in the text book “the insurance model” is known as the oldest health care model (Kovner & Knickman, 2011). Although, every employer and employee (payroll deductions) contributes according to income (Kovner & Knickman, 2011). Bismarck varies in the “basic coverage” from one country to another (Kovner & Knickman, 2011). Found in Germany, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Switzerland, Latin America, and Japan (Kovner & Knickman, 2011). This is not quite like the United States, where the funds go to the government (Kovner & Knickman, 2011).

A health care system is a framework of interrelated, interacting, and interdependent descriptions of human development in a given country, region, or community. This system of human development functions as an organized measure to promote and provide treatment in which individuals reach their highest attainable level of physical, mental, and social well-being. All health care systems are grounded in the concept that genetic and biological factors must be taken into account to understand the problems and behaviors of a specific population. The interconnected factors that determine an individual’s health status includes personal features, social status, culture, environment, educational attainment, health behaviors, childhood development, access to care, and government policy. International collaboration of ideas on the progression of transnational health is greatly endorsed for the benefit of complete global health care. Health care has social, governmental, and financial implications that affect all members of the health care system and in countries within the Central American region specially, citizens have fallen victim to health disparities that have resulted from long-term neglect of the underlying factors that perpetuate this issue.

EU Policymakers have started shifting their focus in recent years to the main cost drivers in healthcare, which are inpatient hospital services and chronic disease management. The birth of private sector health care companies are being welcomed due to lower overall costs. Comparative data also shows that a monopoly of public health insurance, like the ‘Gebietskrankenkassen’, the regional health insurance in Austria, with its excessive bureaucracy, is much more costly and rigid than privately managed health insurance schemes. (Duering, 2015) Formalized cost savings health care organization proposed could increase the wanted private uniformity desired in the European Union.

With every civilian in an industrialized country there is people who get sick, and or injured. When they get injured or sick they need medical attention and healthcare. A healthcare system is defined as ‘A health system, also sometimes referred to as health care system or healthcare system, is the organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of target populations.’ With that help usually comes with a big bill for the services provided. Most civilians can’t afford that bill because it is costly. With the first health reform in fifty-years making its way across our country it is of question compared to other healthcare systems in other countries. A healthcare system is in the implementation process to which has gotten the name of ‘ObamaCare.’ It is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), or Affordable Care Act (ACA) for short. The ACA was signed into law to reform the health care industry by President Barack Obama in 2010 and upheld by the Supreme Court in 2012. The goal of ObamaCare is to give more American civilians affordable, good healthcare insurance. This will also try to decrease the amount of health care spending in the United States. Its secondary goal is to make affordable healthcare better, and at a better quantity. They want healthcare to be faster and more productive while being cheaper for everyone. This are paid for through taxes and subsidies and other reforms throughout the