1.What is simple interest? What is compounding interest? How does simple and compounding interest differ?
Simple interest is a quick method of calculating the interest charge on a loan. Compound interest is the addition of interest to the principal sum of a loan or deposit, or in other words, interest on interest. Simple interest includes interest earned on the initial investment only. Compound interest assumes that interest earned is again re-invested at coupon rate.
2. What is meant by “present value”? What is meant by “future value”? How does present value relate to future value?
Present Value" is the present-day value of a sum of money expected to be received at a future date calculated at a specified rate of interest. "Future
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Basis Point: The minimum amount of mentioning the revenue on a bond, note, or other debit mechanism.
Yield spread: The yield spread is the variance among the cited return on two diverse reserves, frequently of dissimilar credit worth.
5. Define nominal and real return, how do they differ?
Nominal return is the return that does not factor in inflation, and real return takes inflation into account. Nominal returns in emerging markets are higher, but due to higher inflation in emerging markets economies, real return is closer to the developed world.
6. How do municipal bonds differ from corporate bond? Who is most likely to prefer a municipal bond?
Municipal bonds are issued by state or local municipalities whereas Corporates issue Corporate Bonds. The default risk of Municipal Bonds is generally lower due to state backing them compared to Corporate Bonds where a corporation backs them. So, the public will probably use Municipal Bonds, while those in corporations will use Corporate Bonds.
7. What is the difference between a Treasury bill, note and bond? Which offers the greatest interest rate? (typically)
The duration of these bills, bonds and notes differ from each other. For, example Treasury Bonds have the highest duration of 25 to 30 years, whereas Treasury notes have a duration of 5 to 10 year, and lastly Treasury bills having the lowest duration has a max duration of 1 year. So, the one that offers the greatest interest rate is
10. The interest rate used to compute the present value of a future cash flow is called the:
Answer: The Coupon Rate is a generally fixed and is known as the stated rate of a bond that determines the periodic interest payments. As stated in the textbook, the annual coupon dividen by the face value is called the coupon rate of the bond. The YTM rate of return anticipated on the bond if it is held until the maturity Date. YTM is considered a long-term bond yield expressed as an annual rate.
Moderate risk. Purchasing a bond means giving a loan to a company. “T-Bonds” are bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury and are safer than corporate bonds. (Loaning money to the government is safer than loaning money to a private business.)
1. If you are borrowing money and paying interest, would you prefer an interest rate that compounds annually, quarterly, or daily? Why? (2-4 sentences. 1.0 points)
2. Compare and contrast the nature of cash flows stemming from an investment in stock with those coming from bonds.
The coupon rate is the annual coupon divided by the face value of a bond. This differs from YTM because this shows us the percent rate that the coupon will have. It also is a more fixed rate, unlike the YTM, which increases the bond’s value. The Yield to Maturity Rate is the rate required on a bond. This helps to determine the value of a bond at a particular point in time.
An investment in a tax-exempt (municipal) bond with an interest rate of 8 percent is preferable to an investment in a taxable (corporate) bond with an interest rate of 10 percent.
a. the same amount of interest expense being recognized over the term of the bonds
The bonds can be issues with fixed interest or variable rate interest, each of which has its advantages and there disadvantages.
Before moving forward to compute the present value of these cash flows, a terminal value is required to forecast the long term value of the company after 5 years. . Following formula is used to calculate the terminal value.
13. What is the formula for the Present Value (PV) for a finite stream of cash flows (1 per year) that lasts for 10 years?
Propaganda is the specialty of influencing others to your side of the story as the right way of thinking. The propaganda forms used in today’s society end up treating people as a means rather an end. Basically, it looks at people today, as being incapable of making wise choices and researching out the matter fully. Propaganda is unavoidable and it is all over in places such as social media, newspapers, television and advertisements. In addition, the feelings that individuals have toward the activities that are taking place constantly change contingent upon their own perspective. However, being inundated with influential thoughts of outside sources on a continued basis ultimately leads to the point where the individual being used stops scrutinizing the
1. If you are borrowing money and paying interest, would you prefer an interest rate that compounds annually, quarterly, or daily? Why? (2-4 sentences. 1.0 points)
Describe the differences in interest payments and bond price between a 5 percent coupon bond and a zero coupon bond.
The duration is applicable to bonds only when these are not callable. It is because callable bonds are those that can be redeemed by the issuer prior to its maturity date. Under callable bonds, issuer has right to return