The Intricate Digestive System of the Brown Pelican

1. What do we know about the digestive system of an owl based upon the pellets? Based upon the pellets we know that owls cannot digest the bones of some animals because their enzymes aren’t sufficient enough to break them down. Because of this inability to digest fur, bones, and feathers they are later on regurgitated out.

In the articles “The Great Bird Poop Disaster" and "How to Solve the Problem of Bird Poop" both by Anna Starecheski. It talks about how there is a huge problem with birds coating our cities and streets is gooey, slippery piles of white and black poop, but is there a solution of some of the maney problems caused by this epidemic. In the article “The Great Bird Poop Disaster” it talks about how there are a lot of problems that are caused by bird poop, one is that it has acid in it so it is corrosive. In the article, it says “At the center of a bird dropping is a black substance; that is poop. The white, gloppy stuff is the urine, which consists mainly of uric acid. Uric acid is corrosive. That means it can eat away at the surfaces of buildings and bridges. Bird poop can also ruin everything from the paint on your mom’s car to your favorite T-shirt. In the U.S., pigeons cause about $1.1 billion in damages every year.” (Starecheski 18). This shows that this isn't just a little inconveniences, no it's a big deal that if it is not fixed soon the U.S will be deeper in debt than bird poop. This is why squinted across the world are trying to find a solution to this problem that spreads across the world. In the article "How to Solve the Problem of Bird Poop" It talks about some of the solutions that we have tried and some that we still use to try to get some of the birds to leave. In the article, it says “Placing spikes on window ledges, bridges, fences, and other areas where birds

On the Monday of May 23rd, the group were asked to turn the mink over to do a cut from the neck to mid back and skinned it. After skinning the mink, classes were required to names the muscles. Wednesday of May 25th, groups were required to take out the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and big intestine from the mink and measured it. To make the lab easier, groups were suggested to take the liver. Slowly through the lab, students took the digestive system out to study and named as well as know the functions to them. The functions are similar to human function of digestive

As you can see, it is a tubelike structure made of muscle and lined with mucous membrane. The pharynx functions as part of the respiratory and digestive system because it is located behind the nasal cavities and the mouth. It is the structure that we refer to as the throat. It is about twelve and a half centimeters long and consists of three parts; the nasopharynx, oropharynx and the laryngopharynx. (Anatomy.tv, n.d.) The esophagus branches off of the pharynx which carries food to the stomach. Swallowing takes place in the pharynx partly as a reflex and partly under voluntary control. The tongue and soft palate pushes food into the pharynx, which closes off the trachea. The food then enters the esophagus. The esophagus is a muscular tube extending from the pharynx to the stomach. . (Mohan, 2010). It is about 25 centimeters long. The production of mucus by glands in the mucosal lining as you can see lubricates the tube to permit easier passage of food moving toward the stomach. (Thibodeau & Patton, 2008). Food is pushed through the esophagus and into the stomach by a series of contractions called peristalsis. The lower esophageal sphincter is just before the opening to the stomach. It opens to let food pass into the stomach and closes to keep it there. (Mohan, 2010).

Immediately after entering the stomach, water and the unusable plasma of the ingested blood are absorbed by the lining of the stomach (Breidenstein, 1982). The majority of the dry matter in blood is mainly proteins, so the digestive system of the Arctic vampire lizard goes to work on breaking these proteins down (Breidenstein, 1982). Beginning in the stomach, the enzyme pepcin begins breaking some of the peptide bonds of the proteins (Silk et al. 1985). The contents of the stomach are then quickly transported to the small intestine, where pancreatic enzymes continue to hydrolyze the polypeptides, breaking them into individual amino acids (Silk et al. 1985). In the small intestine, the amino acids are diffused through the intestinal lining into the tangent blood vessels to be delivered through the body through the circulatory system (Silk et al. 1985). The liver can then convert amino acids like alanine to glucose through a process called gluconeogenesis (Yoon et al. 2001). The glucose is then made into ATP through aerobic respiration, producing water and carbon dioxide (Yoon et al.

First of all, the human body, crayfish, earthworm, and frog all have many similarities and differenced about how their digestive system works. They all eat their food through their mouths and the food then travels into the esophagus. The esophagus prepares the food for further digestion. The food in the esophagus then travels in the frog, crayfish, and human body’s stomach. The earthworm doesn’t have a stomach, but it has a crop that serves as a storage stomach. Once the food is in the stomach, something different happens for each organism. The food in the crayfish travels to the digestive gland which produces digestive substances and from which the absorption of nutrients occurs. The same thing occurs in a frog and the human body, but instead of a digestive gland it is moved into a small intestine. In the earthworm, the food goes from the stomach to the gizzard, which uses stones that the earthworm eats to grind the food completely. After it is moved into the digestive gland, small intestine, or gizzard, the food is mostly digested. The earthworm and human body’s food is now moved into the larger intestine, where it absorbs water and any remaining nutrients. The frogs food is stored in something like a large intestine, but it is called the gallbladder. The crayfish only has on intestine. After going through all this, the undigested material leaves through the anus, or for a frog, it is called the cloaca.

The digestive system of a pig is classified as monogastric or non-ruminant, which is having a stomach with only a single compartment, like humans. In addition, the digestive tract of the pig has five main parts, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Furthermore, the mechanical breakdown of the food begins upon the entrance of the mouth in the digestive tract. Basically, the food is grinded into smaller pieces by its teeth. Next, saliva is produced in the mouth, acting to moisten the small food particles, along with an enzyme that starts the digestion of the starch. Then, the food is pushed towards the esophagus with the help of the tongue. Primarily, the esophagus carries the food from the mouth to the stomach, being a tube, which is carried out with the help of a series of muscle contractions that push the food towards the stomach. Subsequently, after the first of the contractions, swallowing, has taken place, the cardiac valve, located at the end of the esophagus, prevents food from passing from the stomach back to the esophagus. Likewise, the stomach comes next in the digestive tract; it serves as a reaction chamber, adding chemicals to the food. Also, hydrochloric acid and enzymes help break down food into small particles of carbohydrates, protein, and fats. Additionally, some particles are absorbed into the bloodstream, from the stomach, while others cannot be absorbed by the stomach, being passed to the small intestine through the pyloric valve. Moreover, the small intestine aids

Our mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, and anus come together to form the digestive system which breaks down our food into simpler molecules. The food enters through the mouth, travels down the esophagus, breaks down in the stomach, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder and then moves through the intestines down to the rectum and anus. A pig’s digestive system is no different than a human’s. A foregut, midgut, hindgut, and a digestive gland form the digestive system of a crayfish. The foregut contains the stomach (partially breaks the food down), the

The process of digestion first begins in the mouth by in taking food (bolus). The teeth help with masticating (chewing and breaking food particles down) allowing for swallowing and increasing surface area for chemical digestion. Enzymes found in saliva also facilitates with the chemical break down of food primarily starches and fats. The food swallowed then enters into the esophagus (a tube connecting the mouth and stomach). Peristalsis helps the esophagus to push the food in the direction of the stomach. The stomach contents are highly acidic (doesn’t affect the stomach mucosa since cells secrete mucus allowing the stomach wall to be protected) with pH levels between 1.5-2.5 allowing microorganisms to be killed, breaking down of food, and activating digestive enzymes producing a thick substance known as chyme. However, breaking down of foods further occurs in the small intestine consisting of: bile created from the liver, enzymes formed from the small intestine, and the pancreas facilitate with further digestion as well as HCI denatures (unfolds proteins) allowing them to be available to attack by digestive enzymes (also responsible in breaking down the protein). The pyloric sphincter separates the stomach from the small intestine allowing the chime to drop into the small intestine. The small intestine is the primary site for

In the article “the great bird poop disaster” and “How to solve the problem of bird poop” both by Anna starecheski the elaborate that there are many problems of bird poop and there's many solutions. For example in the article “the great bird poop disaster” She talks about how bird poop can ruin many stuff because it has uric acid in it. “Bird poop can also ruin everything from the paint on your mom's car to your favorite t-shirt.”(starecheski 18). This shows that bird poop is a problem and can be very dangerous if lots of it builds up it can break or destroy many things we love. On the other hand a solution is provided in the article” how to solve the problem of bird poop” because it Gives examples of how we can stop the bird population

After contacting the author Adam Rapp, Writer of Punkzilla , and Under the Wolf, Under the Dog, I was able to interview him for about an hour through Skype. I was able to ask him many questions in that time. Included in this is part one of the interview.

The digestive system of a hippopotamus is similar to other hooved animals. Their mouth and lips can be about 2 feet wide at its lip. Their lips are about 70 cm long and that helps the hippos clip the grass and other food sources they get from the floor and grind their food up into a pulp and it helps them swallow their food much easier. Since plant matter for most ruminants is harder to eat and digest, ruminants have to regurgitate these leaves and grasses again. Hippos don’t ruminate but enjoy the advantages of it. Hippos are sometimes called pseudo ruminants. Hippos don’t regurgitate so the pulp is ineffective compared to other animals that graze. The food travels down through the esophagus like it does for almost every other mammals or

The esophagus receives food from the mouth after swallowing and then delivers it to the stomach. The stomach holds food which it is being mixed with enzymes which continue the process of breaking down the food into a useable form. When the contents of the stomach are processed they are released into the small intestine. In the small intestine food is broken down by enzymes released from the pancreas and bile from the liver, the food is moved through and mixed with digestive secretions. The small intestine is made up of three segments the duodenum, jejunum and the ileum, the jejunum and the ileum are mainly responsible from the absorption of nutrients in to the bloodstream. These contents start out semi-solid and end in a liquid form after passing through the organ. Water, bile, enzymes and mucous change its consistency, one the nutrients have been absorbed it then moves onto the large intestine. The large intestine connects to the rectum and is specialised in processing water so that emptying the bowels is easy.

Digestion is the chemical breakdown of food into smaller components that are more easily absorbed. Digestion is a form of catabolism: a breakdown of large food molecules to smaller ones. When food enters into stomach, gastric juice starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. The pH value of hydrochloric in the stomach is 2, as the activity of pepsin is optimal, while it will lose its activity at pH 6.5 and above. However, pepsin will regain its activity at pH of 8. In the range of pH1 to pH6.5, pepsin will be most active at pH2, and starts to decrease its

Birds have beautiful feathers and lovely songs that bring joy and wonder to us humans. And flight is the feature that probably captures the human imagination more than anything else. For millennia, people have watched birds in the sky and wished we could fly, too.