The Influence Of Ptolemy's Geocentric View

Empathy is absolutely necessary in this cruel world. What would we do without it? Scout learns to be empathetic throughout the book. She starts to show empathy towards characters such as Boo Radley, Tom Robinson and Mayella Ewell. Boo Radley scared Scout at the beginning of the book, but she learned there’s nothing to fear.

While the Roman Catholic Church believed that the earth was the center of the universe, Nicolaus Copernicus’s discovered that the Earth actually was one of the planets hat revolved around the sun. “For, in the first place, they are so uncertain about the motion of the sun and moon that they cannot establish and observe a constant length even for the tropical year. (Document 1)” The church belief did not make sense because it was wrong. They were going off wrong information that they could not establish a constant year, which confuses people. Nicolaus said that the earth moved around the sun, which made more sense and

While Copernicus was in college he started to question what he was taught. He theorized that the Sun stays in the same place, illuminating all of the planets, while the planets revolve around it in an elliptical motion. The stars also stay in the same place, but they look like they move because the Earth rotates on its axis as it revolves around the Sun. According to “Inventors and Scientists: Nicolaus Copernicus,” he made a tool that looked like multiple yardsticks combined with a tube he used to look through, almost like a telescope. He used this to measure the location of stars and planets.

“Reality is easy. Deception that's the hard the hard work” -Lauryn Hill. In the novel the Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses literary elements such as symbolism, irony and conflict to show deception and secrecy can lead to self-destruction. This relates to the Scarlet Letter because in the book the protagonist character commits an act of sin that was more than just frowned upon. Not only does the community gossip and turn their cheek to the sinner but a sickness comes along from keeping a secret from the community.

Also that the other planets revolved around the sun in ellipses, opposed to what the churches said were perfect circles. When Copernicus’s thoughts were first being proposed to the public the Churches found out and the Catholic church forbade Copernicus’s book and forcefully tried to suppress all arguments relating to his theory. They also made his drop all his research and stop investigating his new thoughts about the organization of the planets. However, the Copernican system was relatively easier to use and computations based on the Copernican system were used to create accurate tables of planetary positions. Moreover the information was more accurate compared to an interpretation of the bible because Copernicus used science and mathematics to figure out and prove his theory

for why the earth is spherical but he didn’t get all his theories right. Ptolemy tried to use his same reasoning and argument that he used to prove that the earth is spherical to prove that the earth is also at the center of the universe, a geocentric theory. Ptolemy was wrong about the geocentricism but he came to that conclusion using what evidence he had available to him at the time and he would also have been under pressure from the church to produce a theory that agreed with their ideal ideas of the universe. In some cases, Ptolemy was successful in explaining some of the unknown mysteries of the natural world around him, but in other cases, he was drastically wrong. Despite being a brilliant philosopher, astrologer, and mathematician

In the early medieval period, the masses believed that earth was at the center of the universe and everything revolved around it. “...the judgement of many centuries has approved the view that the Earth remains fixed as center in the midst of the heavens…” Nicolaus Copernicus thought that this idea was absurd and continued to explain that the Earth actually moves. He was afraid to even discuss the idea as anyone during the period would just reject it immediately. The Earth being flat was in part influenced by religion and by writing his theories, he was almost apologetic for suggesting the heavens were different from what almost all people believed. “...that the earth is situated in the third sphere and revolves with great speed around the sun, is a very dangerous thing, not only by irritating all the philosophers and scholastic theologians, but also injuring our holy faith and rendering the Holy Scriptures false.” The change in culture was seen as a danger to religion as the new ideas went against a lot of factors in religion. The strict religious ideas caused almost a cultural revolt for new ideas. But because religion was being changed radically, it left room for new ideas like this to start spreading to the

PHYSICS STUDENT ASSESSMENT- COSMIC ENGINE Early astronomers such as Ptolemy relied on observations made with the naked eye as well as handwritten records. Despite not having the technology and information available today, Ptolemy, a Roman who lived in 100 AD, was still able to adequately predict movements of observable planets. Ptolemy's astronomical model of the Universe was geocentric and maintained the Greek belief that the heavens were perfect and moved along a circular orbit. Evidence that contradicts this belief was not observable during Ptolemy's time as they did not have the technology available. It was not until Galileo decided to turn his telescope to the heavens.

Galileo is firmly convinced that Copernicus was right. Galileo has been looking through a telescope at the planets and stars. What he has seen with his own eyes is proof enough of Copernicus theory. The church was denounced Copernicus theory as dangerous to the faith .Galileo learned that a dutch lensmaker had built an instrument that could enlarge far-off objects.

The first theory of the placement of the planets and stars to disprove the theocentric theory, God centered, was the geocentric theory. This idea began with the philosopher Aristotle in fourth century B.C. Greece, and was expanded and better explained in second century A.D. by Greek Astronomer Ptolemy. The main point of this theory was that the Earth was the center of the universe. This was “proven” by the observation of the sun moving around the earth every day, as seen in the

During that time period believed that the earth was the center of the solar system, the geocentric view. Based on Galileo’s observations and mathematical data that he collected from those observations the only conclusion that was supported was that the earth revolved around the sun like all of the other planets. However, most people did not agree with his findings and preferred to keep believing in the geocentric system. Because of his new beliefs about the movement of the earth, he was criticized very harshly.

Therefore, Galileo could not prove Aristotle’s geocentric theory wrong. At the time, not even astronomers could fathom the idea that Copernican theory that Galileo tried to further prove, could be correct because parallax shifts were not present nor proven. Therefore, even astronomers such as Tycho Brahe, refused to accept the heliocentric

Thought history scientists’ finding have been ignored, only to be discovered that their information was beneficial. In the 1600s and 1700s, many astronomers and mechanics were focused on finding a way to find the longitude of a ship’s position at sea. John Harrison, a self-taught carpenter and clockmaker was able to create a solution, but no one with enough power to enforce his studies would listen to his ideas. Similar to this, when Nicolaus Copernicus discovered that the earth revolved around the sun, no one believed him because the belief at the time was that the earth was the center of the universe. Despite no one appreciating what the two had discovered, several years after they had died, their theories surfaced again and people began

The idea that the Sun was the center of the solar system was not new but Copernicus also worked out his system in full mathematical detail. By postulating only the rotation of the Earth, revolution about the sun, and tilt of Earth's rotational axis, Copernicus could explain the observed motion in the

In 2003, Wellesley accepted the provisions of Massachusetts General Law, Chapter 60 Section 3D which authorizes volunteer contributions by citizens to a Tax Relief Fund to help offset tax obligation for elderly or disabled individuals. Town’s Taxation Fund Committee establishes the rules and regulations and donations of any amount over $1.00 is accepted. The solicitation was virtually non-existent and the town has received zero donation from the community that it is considered a failed policy. On the contrary, Wellesley Educational Fund (WEF) continues to solicit donations from all residents including empty nesters. The fund collects a sizable combined donation every year. Their mission statement states the fund is used “to enhance, enrich and maintain educational excellence and foster innovation in the Wellesley Public Schools” (WEF.org., 2016). Wellesley public school teachers were among the highest paid in 2015 with an average salary of $90,041 (doe.mass.gov., 2016), and it is always good to remember where the source of money comes from. In addition, WEF awards grant to excellent teachers.