The Impact of Physically Attractive Models on Advertising Evaluations Author(s): Michael J. Baker and Gilbert A. Churchill, Jr. Source: Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 14, No. 4 (Nov., 1977), pp. 538-555 Published by: American Marketing Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3151194 . Accessed: 02/05/2011 16:36
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The interest is twofold. First, the marketeris interested in understanding perceptualprocess that operates the within the consumer who is evaluating marketing stimuli. If the stimulus is an advertisement,the emphasis is on discovery of the cues people use in responding to the advertisement, the meaning they assign to these cues, and the total impressions they form from the combinationof available cues [33, p. 225]. Second, the marketer is interested in understandingthe relationshipbetween particularproducts and brandsand an individual'sself-concept, i.e., how the consumption of certain products or brands contributes to how others perceive him or her. Having delineateda certain self-concept that he or she wishes to convey to others, the consumer must decide which productsare relevantto conveyingthese self-concepts, and exactly what self-concepts are being conveyed by the use of different brands of the product, or differentproductswithina class of substitutableproducts. Because the study is concerned with the evaluation of marketing communications,furtherdiscussion of the latter point is beyond the scope of this article. For an excellent discussion of the topic, see [33]. People do seem to use physical attractiveness as a cue in making extensive inferences about the personality of others. Miller [21], for example, had subjects
Research Journalof Marketing
Vol. XIV (November 1977), 538-55
IMPACT PHYSICALLY OF ATTRACTIVE MODELS
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I believe there’s the thought of having a correlation between an individual’s physical appearance and his/her achievements, abilities and/or psychological well-being, but I do not think it occurs. However, since this thought is very common, attractiveness interacts with other status characteristics such as education, income, social status, and occupational prestige to create a positive or negative perception of an individual.
The classic novel The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a story of guilt and love. The main character, Hester Prynne, has an affair with the minister, Arthur Dimmesdale. Hester then gives birth to her child, Pearl, after which she is then forced to wear an “A” on her chest for adultery. While this story focuses on the story of Hester, there is a deeper meaning behind the relationship between her and Dimmesdale. He displays great character development throughout the novel. He gives the reader a deeper meaning of how to conform to society while creating boundaries for self-exploration. Dimmesdale experience foreshadows the entire story when questioning Hester at the scaffold at the novel’s beginning. As the
Newspapers, Magazines, Television, Online… advertising is everywhere. Within the myriad of advertisements displayed in front of viewers every day, there are appeals. Society neglects and overlooks these marketing strategies that toy with their minds, resulting in skyrocketing purchases after the release of an advertisement. In “Advertising’s Fifteen Basic Appeals,” Jib Fowles identifies the appeals he believes are implemented in advertisements. These appeals include sexual innuendos, powerful images, or comforting displays which draw the audience into the desired product. After analyzing the ads within the Vogue January 2018 edition, an extremely popular fashion and lifestyle magazine, the demographics can be determined as a market with expensive taste. The graphics are extremely feminine and contain Fowles’s previously mentioned appeals, like the “need for prominence.” Although not all of the fifteen appeals apply to these advertisements, Fowles’s list is still valid and does not need revisions as the readership of Vogue magazine is just a small sample of the population. Through the appeals of each advertisement, this clear readership is developed, rather than using all of the Fowles’s appeals and not addressing the correct audience.
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Jones, W., Hansson, R., & Phillips, A. (1978). Physical attractiveness and judgments of psychopathology. The Journal of Social Psychology, 105, 79-84.
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Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher
Human beings are the most social of social animals and the desire to be liked and accepted is very strong. This desire is forged by interaction with others, which forms interpersonal attraction and judgement of beauty. There are several reasons that could explain why interpersonal attraction occurs in social settings. Repeated exposure to a certain stimulus, allows individuals to develop stronger impressions and greater familiarity towards the stimulus, promoting interpersonal attraction (Zajonc, 1968), while similarity between individuals enhances initial attraction (Vinacke, Shannon, Palazzo & Balsavage, 1988), and allows social validation (Byrne, 1971). Physical attractiveness, one of the most important determinants of interpersonal attraction is often seen as a sign of fertility, strength, or health (Buss, 1999; Thornhill, 1998). Physical attractiveness individuals has been shown to be treated preferentially and more positively to the extent that it influence outcomes of interpersonal interactions (Rhode, 2010), where attractive employees get paid with higher wages (Frieze, Olson & Russell, 1991), and attractive criminals were given lighter sentences (Stewart, 1980). This phenomenon could be explained by the “Halo Effect” (Nisbett, & Wilson, 1977), where evaluations of one attribute of a person are generalized to influence evaluations of other attributes.
Perceptions of brands in the minds of the consumer are formed on the basis of the four main functions of the brain-thinking, sensation, intuition and feeling. Psycho branding is supported by three concepts-
Advertisements are way for companies to market their products in magazines, commercials, public art, etc. Lancome is a high end makeup and skincare brand originated in Paris, France. Herbal Essences is an affordable hair product brand found in most drug stores and is based out of New York City. Both advertisements sell the concept of beauty as luxury. However, their views on luxury differ: advertisement number one focuses on beauty as relaxed and exotic, while advertisement number two focuses on beauty as wealth and power. Luxury is a condition of abundance or great ease and comfort.
However, if the presenter’s attractiveness level is very high, than their physical attractiveness will lead to social-comparison jealousy of the receiver and will negatively affect the liking of the ad and the product being presented. “As predicted by evolutionary theory, the positive effect of a presenter’s attractiveness on liking of the ad is even stronger when female receivers see the male presenter (opposite sex) than when male receivers see the male presenter (same sex).” (Praxmarer, 2011)
Here the researcher has mainly chosen this particular topic in order to analyse that how targeted perception are changing with the change in the value of the brand and brand image.
The research in consumer behavior and psychology shows that the brand related information determines the probability if the customer will select a particular brand (Mitchell 100). Companies have learned to play with the psychology and emotions of consumers and have succeeded in attracting even those consumers that were not motivated by the traditional advertisements. Companies these days are focusing on the basic psychological principles to understand how to plan and execute the advertisement.
We make many assumptions based on our first impressions of people. When we first meet someone, our opinion of them is overpowered by the way they look, rather than what they say or do. We take notes from the way they look to determine parts of their personality. For example, when we look at a person who is skinny, we assume they eat clean food and have a reasonable sized diet. Humans are also programmed to identify looks with level of health. Smaller bodies are believed to be more genetically healthy, and clear skin indicates youth. But a lot of people in our society assume that our looks can represent other attributes. Psychologists from Princeton University say it takes just one tenth of a second to judge someone and make a first impression, which can determine whether or not a relationship develops between two people.