The Impact of Accounting Systems on Project Funds Absorption Capacity, Case Study of Agricultural Research Projects in Rwanda

“God gave me a voice to sing with, and when you have that, what other gimmick is there?” by Whitney Houston. Her abilities to become “the perfect athlete” has to come from both genetics and training in order to become the best there is according to Epstein’s view (Epstein 282). He demonstrates this through Eero Mantyranta’s story as a Finnish skier and multiple Olympic champion. He competed in four Winter Olympics winning seven medals at three of them becoming the most successful athlete that may strive from nurture, but has some genetical insights. He also had the rare talent of coming from “100 percent nurture and 100 percent nature”, which is unheard of (Epstein 282). However, genetics is very complicated because one altered nucleotide within a base pair, our genetics can be affected dramatically, but to end up in Mantyranta’s position of perfection is quite remarkable. When training for sports, Epstein focuses on an “average time to master a level in study was actually about 11,000 hours” to reach perfection, but there’s a small chance it could result from our genetically born abilities (Epstein 21). Whether their an athlete, singer, or a genius Epstein proves their abilities is an outcome from nature and nurture.

However, some believe, that a shift in the way we produce food may have some unintended consequences. They contend that poverty in nations such as Africa and Asia, is caused by the low productivity of the unindustrialized farm labor. The U.S. Agriculture Department projects, without reform, there will be over a thirty percent increase in the numbers of the ‘food insecure’ people in those nations over the next decade (Paarlberg 179).

By empowering countries to grow their way out of poverty, we can break the cycle of hunger and build a more stable world for future generations. New tools and technologies brought to struggling agriculturists is key. Trade is key to bringing food security to 800 million people that remain chronically

Water Scarcity: Water is essential to the growth of crops, lack of water would drastically lower the amount of agricultural yields. Lake Chad, pictured on the side, is on the border of four countries and is a huge water source. However, over the past 40 years, this lake has been shrunk to 1/20 of its size. Due to Chad being a land-locked country, it is dependent on this lake for water. The disappearance of Lake Chad has decreased food production as many crops are suffering from dehydration. The inevitable future can be predicted, if the drought and overconsumption of water continues to occur, Lake Chad will soon completely disappear leaving four countries high and dry. Technology and

This week’s reading challenged me to take a long look at the current state of the world. Reading the chapters on poverty and human needs, Indigenous peoples and cultural survival, and globalization helped widen my perspective and now I can grasp how our history has impacted and is still impacting vulnerable populations throughout the world. This week’s reading has forced me to reevaluate my knowledge base and I understand why development-focused social work is so critical. Reading the chapter on Indigenous peoples and cultural survival peeked my interest because we touched briefly on their history in my African American history class. The chapter on Indigenous peoples help me realize that often times I get fixated on certain populations that

PGDM POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT (2009-2011) Submitted To: Mrs. Mukta Keskar Submitted By: Jyoti Mishra

(A report submitted towards the partial fulfillment of the requirement of the two years full-time Post Graduate Diploma in Management.)

Subtly and Gradually U.S. foreign aid of crops has been damaging the rice economy in places like Haiti. In 2010 Haiti was the center of a catastrophic hurricane and the U.S. sent aid in many forms including that of food, post the settling of the aftermath of the hurricane aid kept coming to Haiti. “If aid were to disappear, you’d have a serious problem.” Said Tim Schwartz, Author and Aid expert, on Haiti. (11) The U.S. can not simply cut off the rice supply to allow farmers in Haiti to make more money, Haiti isn’t producing enough to feed everyone, and American rice is much cheaper. (2) Each year the U.S. sends subsidized farm products grown by farmers in Arkansas and Texas, it is then given to international aid organizations who may not needs that amount of rice. Aid workers then sell the rice at a heavily discounted price in the open market, then using the money to fund projects that the aid organizations are working on. (11) It’s part of the price support system in the United States because it gives a leeway to allow farmers to grow more products for a cheaper price, putting them on a mass production scale that has a constant buyer, the government, while distributing supply in accordance to U.S. population demands as to not have a surplus. (11) Farmers in the U.S. have claimed that if the U.S. government stopped subsidising rice they will have to let go of 1000’s of jobs that allow workers to be consumers and subsidise other industries in the U.S.

The research and development community faces the challenge of sustaining livestock productivity in order both to improve rural livelihoods and secure environmental sustainability in the developing countries. Current understanding of livestock productivity is incomplete and, hence, the need to update existing knowledge and to assess the role of livestock farmers in bringing about a significant improvement to their livelihoods. In addition, there is a need to pay more attention to the relative contributions of livestock farmers to the different sources of their livelihood and the way in which these vary between households, the extent to which people are

4. 2009 RVHS Year 5 End of Year Exams Paper CSQ1: Challenges of the Agricultural Sector

Agriculture is a very important sector in the Ghanaian economy. Although its contribution to GDP decreased from 43.5% in 1990 to 21.5% in 2013, it still remains a significant player in the economy of the country (Ghana Statistical Service 2008; ISSER 2011; CIA 2013). The agricultural sector employs about 60% of the workforce in Ghana and can therefore be regarded as the backbone of the Ghanaian economy (ISSER, 2011).

* Español * العربية * Português * 日本語 * Deutsch Assignment Set- 1 Master of Business Administration-MBA Semester 1MB0038 –

It is worth noting that the CAADP framework has demonstrated that it is relevant to accelerate the growth of agriculture in Africa and has made agriculture to be a top priority developmental agendum for many countries across the region, unlike in the past. It has gained political and international support for agriculture, CAADP has gained international financial support for Agriculture with the creation of a U.S. 60 million-multi donor trust fund for the implementation of CAADP.3

Gerardo Otero’s edited volume Food for the Few situates this debate in the context of the developing world, and specifically examines the introduction of agricultural biotechnology to Latin America. The book’s focus is on the social dimensions of biotechnology, and more specifically on examining the complex relationship between modes of agricultural production and rural poverty. Presenting an assessment based on empirical evidence, the authors argue that there are grave indications for the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of this technology in the Latin American context, and that the optimistic predictions put forth by advocates are not only misplaced, but woefully misleading. Otero et al. maintain that while production and productivity are certainly on the rise as a result of this adopted technology, the profits from this shift are not necessarily being distributed in an equitable manner, and are

For the purpose of this assignment I will choose Nigeria which currently falls into the category of a low-income country with substantial agricultural sector responsible for the bulk of its rural employment. Nigeria has a population of circa 180million with over 70% directly employed by agriculture. With a landmass of about 1million square kilometer and arable land constituting about 60% of the land mass. While Nigeria economy depends largely on export of crude oil, its non-oil export remains agricultural produce which contributes over 50% of GDP. Nigeria main agricultural exports are cocoa,