Question 1:
Australia was once one of the healthiest and wealthiest single megadiverse country in the world. Unfortunately, it is now facing serious environmental problems which will affect the future generations.
The early signs of the Australian environmental impacts were introduced by the colonial settlement in the 18th -19th century. The coastal population, the bringing of new species, the land degradation and the water conflicts, are the agents that contributed to the start of the environment deterioration.
And since the environmental issues are directly related to population growth, human activities and associated developments, it is definite that Australia will still be encountering future environmental challenges. Even with the compliance to legislation acts and protection policies, Australia is at the forefront of environmental management but in fact were are leaving our future generations major environmental problems such as climate change, fresh water allocation and storage, marine fisheries, rapid growth in mining and coal seam gas development, biodiversity loss, land degradation and deforestation.
Drought, heatwaves, bushfires, longer fire season, floods, sea level rising, oceans warming and becoming more acidic, all these are happening because of the climate change Australia is experiencing.
The major driver believed to be the cause of climate change is greenhouse gas emissions, and since Australia is one of the top countries with
Sydney’s ability to overcome this sustainability crisis, relies on the infrastructure rules and regulations set out by the government in Canberra. It is the same legislation that allows the growth in ecologically friendly solutions that prohibits them from being enforced. As of Last years Annual report, for the NSW Renewable energy action plan 2015, the hydroelectrical capability is only 3.3% of its total potential energy.
In the Jeff Goodell’s article “The End of Australia”, published in Rolling Stones, the author describes effect of a global warming on Australia. He provides such fact as increased drought that effects water supply, farm production and causes extreme fires that takes lives of people. Draws are followed by unusually long rains. Author also describes effects of global warming on the Great Barrier Reef. Increase in water temperature slowly killing the reef, which will potentially can harm marine life that inhabit the reef, and it would also effect economy of Australia by cutting tourists flow. Author also discuss that one of the main reason why Australia has such effects is high pollution and there is a ways to decrease it. However, Australia
Limiting emissions requires broad-based action across many sectors of the global economy. Australia’s air temperature has risen 0.9°C since 1910, illustrating the Global Warming due to the emissions of greenhouse gases. Australia has numerous initiatives that provide its population with tips on how to help the environment. Unlike many industrialized nations Australia is still heavily reliant on Non Renewable Resources such as coal. Australia and Japan have both signed the Kyoto Agreement which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Japan signed it in 2002, whereas Australia signed it in 2007. The time of which both countries signed, illustrates that Japan was more acceptable and ready for such a scheme and to do something about greenhouse gases. Japan was ranked 12th out of 176 countries in a 2013 Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index. Japan ranked 4th in Sustainable innovations which entails providing quality education, cultivating research and development, creating globally competitive products and services, and providing jobs and income for the population of a country recognised as environmentally sustainable. Although Japan has achieved this position, the country has a substantial amount of air pollution from power plant emissions which results in acid rain. The acidification of rain damages lakes and reservoirs whilst degrading water quality and threatening aquatic life.
Meanwhile, Australia's natural environment is feeling the impacts of runaway climate change. In fact, Goldman Sachs' chief economist in Australia, Tim Toohey, has suggested that the recent drought poses a grave risk to the economy, further adding to ongoing economic tensions. Just the other day, "The nation's largest coal mine has passed a significant hurdle after Environment Minister Greg Hunt approved it with 'the strictest conditions in Australian history,' in a decision environment groups have declared a disaster."
Environmentalists raised concerns over emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) that poses significant threat to the world heritage site is carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions emit from burning of coal that produced from Adani mining company. The concerns were happened when minister of environment of federation, Mr. Greg Hunt approved on the coalmine investment to Indian mining company that worth 16.5 billion dollar. Queensland premier and Adani company claimed that the investment of coalmine would create 10,000 jobs for local residents and inject 22 billion dollar for the Queensland state’s economy.
Approximately 23 percent of Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions were made by the national food supply chain. Coal fired power stations come after them.
3.Gippsland lakes in Victoria Australia 4.Murray River in New South Wales,Victoria and South Australia 5.Darling River in New South Wales 6.Swan River in Western Australia 7.Mouth Kosciusko in New South Wales 8.Mouth Hotham in Victoria 9.Mouth Townsend in New South Wales 10.Great Victoria Desert in South Australia 11.Great Sandy Desert in north west of Western Australia 12.Simpson Desert in Northern Territory, South Australia and Queensland in central Australia.
This paper recognises that the Australian climate has increased significantly since 1910. Evidence is provided to suggest that Australia has a climate-sensitive economy, as the variations in climate and damage caused by extreme weather conditions produce significant social and economic costs. Climate
A concern raised by a group of environmentalists over a threat to the Great Barrier Reef is carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions that emit from the burning of coal. The federation government environment minister, Mr. Greg Hunt approved a 16.5 billion dollar project to Indian mining company so called Adani mining company. According to Queensland premier and the Adani mining company, claimed that the investment of coal mine extraction would create 10,000 jobs for local residents and inject 22 billion dollars for the Queensland state’s economy.
This essay has outlined all the current positive aspects of Australian society, but we need to address the future and the sustainability of our environment for our grandchildren. The federal government is addressing this issue by introducing a carbon-trading scheme. This carbon trading scheme, where the tax on carbon producing goods and services go into a positive influence on the environment, for example planting trees. The Australian government is following leads by other countries in this circumstance.
Over the past 15 years there have been many meetings and agreements to reduce Australia's carbon emissions. These meetings and agreements have led to many different policies to achieve just that, however when Tony Abbott came into power most of them were scrapped or superseded. At the moment there is a few acts still in place such as the, Clean Energy Legislation Amendment Act 2012 and a few more. However these acts were implemented around 2012 meaning they are out of date with the new research. Therefore we need experts on who can create a plan that can reduce our carbon emissions to reach the targeted
structural changes to the country, and minimal impact on the Australian lifestyle. With all the nations uniting and doing their part to decarbonise the global economy, it is possible to save planet earth and not go over the 2c limit. In the next four paragraphs
The changing land use via the construction of the new Crown Resort in Sydney harbour yields a majority of negative implications on the environment, Australia’s economy, and society. The effect on the environment, including air and water pollution, and the deconstruction of the working harbour, is detrimental to health and well being. The social implications include the effect on gamblers’ individual lives and the lives of social housing occupants, as well as the impact casinos have on Australia’s international profile. The economy is affected because it widens the economic gap between rich and poor and changes the area via the changing of residents due to high rates catering to wealthy tourists.
24. Australia’s climate is governed largely by it’s size and by the hot, sinking air of the subtropical high pressure belt. This moves north and south with the seasons so that the rainfall pettern over Australia is highly sesonal. Australia’s rainfall is lowest with frequent droughts lasting seveval seasons thought to be caused in part by the El Nino-Southern.
Climate change creates significant impacts in the Australian context: in considering sea level rise is one of the most critical condition and as per the IPCC report, in 2100 it will increase by79 centimeters (Department of climate change, 2009). Further, it enhances natural hazards affect on the coastal region as flood, inundation, erosion, and storm surges, which will be a significant threat to the coastal community (Button et al.2013). In addition, sea level rise causes a significant change to beaches, coral reefs, estuaries, wetlands and low-lying islands.