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The History and Consequences of Domestication of the Horse

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The History and Consequences of Domestication of the Horse.

Domestication concerns adaptation, which is usually a captive environment and which is achieved by some combination of genetic changes occurring over generations, as well as by environmentally induced changes in development that recur during each generation (Price, 1984).
The domestication of the horse has profoundly affected the course of civilization. Horses provided meat, milk, and enhanced transportation and warfare (Vila et al., 2001). Horse remains become increasingly common in archaeological sites of the Eurasian grassland steppe dating from about 6000 years ago, suggesting the time and place of their first domestication (Clutton-Brock 1987).
Two hypotheses for the …show more content…

It has also been shown that using the horse for riding has caused vertebrae problems if the rider uses incorrect posture (Lesimple et al., 2010).
There is little evidence of how horses were managed within the first years of domestication (Dierendonc). However, in most horse husbandry systems today horses are kept confined and solitary with very little social contact. This can be seen as optimal to ensure physical health, to prevent injury or to allow exact individual monitoring (Dierendonc, 2006). However, these systems often ignore the basic needs of the horse, e.g. social contact, foraging and locomotion needs, often resulting in abnormal behaviours. The start of stereotypic behaviour usually is related to chronic stress due to mal-adaptations to cope with the environment (Hausberger et al., 2009).
Negative experiences linked to training may add to the effects of management style and lead to chronic states where the horse switch off, becoming unresponsive and apathetic (Hausberger et al., 2009). Interestingly, although time spent performing stereotypies increases with time spent in a stall, it may also increase with time spent working (Christie et al., 2006).

While the horse has benefited from some aspects of domestication, for example the provision of food, shelter, protection from predators

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