Sisters of Growth
Throughout the beginning of time people have used art to express themselves. With each major, and minor, there is an artist that captures the world as it is around him. There are also artists that create fiction to give the world and escape from reality. The medium of art that will be discussed in this essay will be film. Since the invention of Thomas Jefferson kinecto graph and the Lumiere brothers cinemtograph, films have continued to be the most popular entertainment methods in France and America. Since historical events have somewhat of an impact on the content in film, this essay will take a look at the effects of films years before and after World II. World War II was one of the major historical events to have
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In 1894 they created what was called a Cinématographe. With the birth of the cinema camera a new medium of expression was born. Thus allowing artists to capture life in a new light.
THE HOLLYWOOD MACHINE
During The Great Depression going to the cinema was the best way to escape the harsh grip of reality. One could go buy a movie ticket and watch “a cartoon, a newsreel, a B-feature and the main film, which amounted to something like four hours ' entertainment for a nickel, the price back then of a gallon of petrol or a packet of cigarettes.” Early in the 30s films were about being rich and carefree. As the Depression took hold of the audience members and the filmmakers, films that touched on the topic of gangsters, social injustice, involving war, and being broke grew in popularity. Following this period of extreme social tension films began to climb and climb higher on the ladder of popularity and fantasy. More and more films about were being written and produced. (Whitington, 2008)
By the 50s Hollywood had became a factory for film production. Movies Ranches, also known as production houses and production studios, had created an assembly line of film creation. These ranches such as MGM, Warner Bros, and Universal kept a staff of actors, writers and directors that would constantly make movies to turn a profit. Each of these studios made similar movies with a similar plot. Many of these films dealt with falling in love,
The years surrounding the Great Depression and World War II were neither pleasant domestically nor internationally. During the Great Depression, businesses and industries fell rapidly, people became unemployed, and chaos ensued in trying to pick the global economy back up. Like every other industry, the movie industry, albeit a few years later than others, suffered a massive dip. Despite the conditions, however, many Americans still went to see movies, averaging around 60 to 80 million patrons every week. During this time, movies were not necessarily a means of escaping real world problems despite the fact that they did help to keep morale stable. Instead, movies that were produced in this era could be seen more as following a trend of realism, as we saw a rise in criminal, gangster, and scandal movies (Hollywood).
As Canada was maturing, many currencies were circulating throughout the colonies. “It was not until the Province of Canada’s revised Currency Act of 1857 that dollars and cents were recognized as the only official units of Canadian currency” (Vardy, J., 2005, p 3) “Silver and bronze coins, denominated in cents and bearing the word “Canada” issued for the first time in 1858, were the first distinctive Canadian Currency”. This currency was referred to as Dominion Notes and could be issued by “commercial banks, private enterprises and governments” (Vardy, J. , 2005,p 3). These notes “became the official currency of Canada in 1876” (Vardy, J., 2005, p 3).
Overall description of the group (demographics: education, income, location, marriage, children, etc., percentage of the population)
Many Americans still think that the Great Depression was caused by the stock market crashing, on October 29, 1929. What is true that most economists think now is that the stock market crash alone could not be fully to blame. There were many factors into creating the nationwide depression. The first being that the “Roaring 20’s” was the first time North Carolinians and their American counterparts could buy a lot more of the new consumer items, like washers and toasters, on newly available credit. The wealthy elite along with the new American business class, could not wait to come down to and enjoy leisure activities like the Grove Park Inn in Asheville, North Carolina, to spend all of that disposable free-flowing money. This was also one of the first times that average, middle-class people had more freedom because they had more income. In addition, banks in our state, as well as other states in the union, were small and unprotected. That means that when a bank went bankrupt, they could not pay back all of their loans or savings. Many farmers in North Carolina started to mechanize their new, larger farms to compete with other farms. This increased supply and dropped demand, lowered the price of food and made it harder to pay back the loans for the new tractors and machinery when the banks got into trouble for over-extending credit. Our state, like our small banks, did not depend on handouts from the Federal Government like
Faced with the Great Depression and World War II, Franklin D. Roosevelt, nicknamed “FDR,” guided America through its greatest domestic crisis, with the exception of the Civil War, and its greatest foreign crisis. His presidency—which spanned twelve years—was unparalleled, not only in length but in scope. FDR took office with the country mired in a horrible and debilitating economic depression that not only sapped its material wealth and spiritual strength, but cast a pall over its future. Roosevelt 's combination of confidence, optimism, and political savvy—all of which came together in the experimental economic and social programs of the "New Deal"—helped bring about the beginnings of a national recovery.
American life was at an all time high during the Roaring Twenties, Americans were enjoying the prosperity of the United States so why would they want to get involved in European conflicts? The United States under the Hoover administration held a very isolated stance, the country’s economy was booming and the people were relishing in the modern society. When the Great Depression hit Americans continued to hold an isolationist stance as they focused on the deteriorating situation going on at home. Throughout this time period of 1920 to 1941, America dealt with major events, such as the end of World War I to the Roaring Twenties turning into the Great Depression in 1929, and then the beginning of World War II, along with the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. As these events took place Franklin Roosevelt had to make decisions as a way to try to maintain American democracy, one of his responses was the changes in the foreign policy of the United States. In the time period of 1920 to 1941, the United States changed its foreign policy by becoming involved with global affairs instead of avoiding them.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the thirty-second U.S president, and the only president to be elected four times. He led American through the trials of the Great Depression and World War II. He was born on January 30, 1882 in New York. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s curiosity, persistence, and self- confidence served to be extremely helpful traits through his presidency. When he combines all of his super powers together it makes an amazing success story. Sadly Roosevelt’s life was brutally taken by the deadly disease called polio in Georgia in 1945 from polio, a highly infectious viral disease; he still managed to lead this country to providence without fail. His is a president worthy of reputation; He was the beacon of light that led America to
At the end of World War II, about seventy-two million people died. As tragic as this fact sounds, peace was still kept during and after the war. After the war, the formation of the United Nations helped negotiate and maintain peace, and during the war more jobs helped get the United States out of its biggest economic crisis, the Great Depression. Although, some economists argue that by creating more jobs during World War II, put America into even more debt than the country was already in. Standards of living lessened during the end of the Depression and the start of the war, but people understood the changed lifestyle was for a good cause. During World War II, The Great Depression and the United Nations helped create peace of mind in the
Inspiration was instilled to society during the four terms U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt held office. He led the United States through the Great Depression and World War II. He was a man who symbolized change, progress, and hope and effectively restored the faith several individuals lost as a result of the depression and war. By the time Roosevelt took office in March of 1933 as the 32nd president, there were 13 million unemployed Americans, and hundreds of banks were closed. Roosevelt faced the greatest crisis in American history since the Civil War. During the economic depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s biggest goal was to get people back to work, getting them fed, sheltered, and fixing the economy. During World War II Franklin Roosevelt’s aspiration was to save the world from utter collapse. He had to persuade the Americans to help Britain and France fight against dictator Hitler. He had to deal with Japan 's demands. When they attacked he put the U.S. into the war to fight off Japan and Germany. He then worked closely with France, England and Russia to defeat the Nazis. He also had an idea to join forces with the Allies to create the United Nations. Despite the conflicts worldwide, he sought to improve the state of the American nation to one all could be proud of. His social programs during the Great Depression redefined the role of government in Americans ' lives. His role during World War II established the United States ' leadership on the world
Before World War I, the United States was in a period of isolationism, and a determination to stay out of European wars and affairs, while trying to maintain its status as one of the world’s biggest superpowers, militarily and economically (“United States Before”). America was just exiting the Gilded Age, which was an important time of growth and prosperity. Despite this, the American economy was in a small recession when entering the war, which was reversed by a 44 month period of growth caused by production for the war (NBER). This 44 month period helped the economy expand, and furthered the strength of the country. It also furthered the confidence of American businesses and the government which contributed to the attitude that caused overconfidence and helped to spread the Great Depression.
I’m amazed at how many Americans don’t know their own family heritage any further back than their grandparents. For many years, I was one of them. I would casually tell people, “My family never really talked much about our family tree, because we were afraid we’d find horse thieves hanging from the branches.” But, bad or good, I always wondered about my roots.
During the early stages of filming and cinema there were many individuals and small groups developing new ideas, methods and devices, by doing so, it makes them pioneers of filmmaking. The Lumiere Brother are known for their inventions of the Cinematograph in 1895 which was a combination of camera, projector and printer, this makes them pioneers as they’ve developed the device, but were not the first to create it. As the brother have a background in photography, it didn’t take them long to develop their device the way that they wanted it, however, one remarkable aspect of the development of the Cinematograph is that they incorporated movement into their device by using a part similar to the sewing machine. Another example of a pioneer from this era is Georges Melies. He worked in the theatre business when he watched the saw the first screening of a Lumiere film which triggered his interest into filmmaking.
Economic institutionalists confined the study of economy interactions to allocational choices between scarce means for preferred ends. By contrast Polanyi showed how economies exist because humans need to produce things to sustain themselves, and these things come from nature. The rationale was to show that the economy should not be exclusively equated with the market, but is a sub-set of possible kinds of economic interactions. As he writes, “To narrow the sphere of the genus economic specifically to market phenomena is to eliminate the greatest part of man’s history from the scene” (1977, 6.) Basically, Polanyi wants economists to give due acknowledgement to the role of politics and other kinds of social interactions. This is best seen
In the twentieth century, the world had witnessed two world wars. After the First World War, the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire were defeated by the Allied Powers of Great Britain, France, and the United States. Great Britain and France forced Germany to pay for war reparations; however, Germany was also under war destruction and economic crisis. In order to keep up with the war reparation payments, Germany borrowed money from the United States. France and Great Britain received the reparation payments to pay their loans from the United States; thus, the cycle eventually led to serious global economic crisis, known as the Great Depression of the 1930s. This economic and political legacies led to dictatorship regimes in Germany and Italy and eventually retaliation against the Allied Powers, a major cause of World War II. Learning the mistakes from World War I, the Allied Powers established the International Monetary Fund or IMF; yet, the International Monetary Fund has more failures than its successes.
First, let’s take a look at the beginnings of the cinemas in general. Motion pictures began with Eadward Muybridge’s task to find out if all four hooves of a horse ever left the ground. He discovered that indeed they did, by lining up twelve cameras and having the horse trigger them when it broke the strings. Consequently, Muybridge inspired Edison to figure out a way to have real projection and in 1893 he did just that with the help of Laurie Dickson, calling it the Kinetoscope. Edison then built a film studio that “could rotate to let in the light of the sun through the open roof,” (McMahan pg. 25).