The Five First Nations

the First Nations were criticized and judged for moving to Canada and keeping their own cultural beliefs. The natives held onto their religion and culture because it was a part of them and their past and they also would not give it up willingly because they have been through too much to give up. “The federal government and most non-native Canadians believed that life for the First Nations people would be greatly improved if they gave up their culture and became part of mainstream, Christian Canadian”(Freeman-Shaw, Hastings-Winner 38). Canadian society was so full of itself that they considered everyone else and their culture to be less than their own. The Canadians thought everyone would be happier if they shared to same religion and beliefs

So when the British government had lost the Revolutionary war, by "right of conquest" the United States won all of England's authority, which included rule over all of the people and land in the Americas. By this reasoning, this rule extended to the Indians that were in fact living on their land. But rather then defend (by another fight) the "right of conquest" against the Indians, Congress wanted to conduct peaceful negotiations with them instead. This brought about the Treaty of Hopewell in 1785 which historically was the very first treaty between the United States and the Cherokee people. The treaty was in fact to promote friendliness and good relations between the U.S. Government and the tribes. The reason also for the treaty was to protect the Cherokee from the intruding states of North Carolina and Georgia. However the treaty was a failure because both North Carolina and Georgia would not support it.

Canada is a nation of opportunity and freedom. People from all around the world immigrate to Canada to start a new life, to get away from war or poverty. Canada opens their arms to them and accepts them, and gives them money to get them started. But how about those who were here from the very beginning, before anyone else landed in Canada; the ones that are called First Nation people, or Aboriginals? What is the government doing for them? Why are First Nations people suffering the worst in Canada? “55.6% of the poor are aboriginals and a lot of them live in reserves around Canada that Canadian government have put them in. For those who leave the reserves to get a better living the suffer from racism from Canadian society” (“Aboriginal”).

The Lakota negotiations were quite different than that of the Ojibwe. Unlike the Ojibwe having over 41 people needing to sign treaties, only one person was designated to represent the tribe in negotiations with the United States (Bell, 59). This made negotiations easier for the United States, as they didn’t have to deal with a long and drawn out process with so many people having to be

The government began signing the treaties with the First Nations post-Royal Proclamation of 1763. The numbered treaties, however, came into play around the 1870s, after the buffalo population declined drastically and many bands were depopulated because of disease. During 1871-77, seven treaties were signed and four more were signed between 1899 and 1921. The treaties were negotiated orally, but when they were being documented by government negotiators many oral promises were missed. Basically, the intent was completely misunderstood. The First Nations also believed that the money they received was a gift given in exchange of sharing the land with the settlers, not for surrendering their land. They also expected the promises to last “As

By signing this treaty, the natives will have to move onto reserves and have a lack of self government control. Today the amount of Indian Reserves only cover 1% of Canada. This amount of land is far too limited for nearly 1 million Natives living in Canada. With that being said, the Aboriginal peoples lost all of their rights to govern themselves if losing land wasn’t enough torture. The shortness of self-government influenced the lives of many Aboriginal peoples in many ways. For example, they didn’t have the right to decide or speak for themselves when it comes to times when they hunt or fish because of government laws of protecting wildlife (Clark, Bruce, and John K. Wallace. Making Connections: Canada's Geography. Second Ed. ed. Toronto, Ontario: Pearson Education, 2006. 562.). As stated in “Making Connections Canada’s Geography Second Edition, Native people earn their their money by trapping muskrat and selling their skin to produce fur products, but soon after they moved to a new location they promptly realized there is a lack of water flow resulting in a limited amount of muskrats, therefore many trappers are no longer able to earn a stable amount of money, their economic base has been ruined due to the lack of resources their new living space has to offer (Clark, Bruce, and John K. Wallace. Making Connections: Canada's

The Aboriginal peoples of Canada had gone through many situations to get to where they are today with their education system. Pain, sorrow, doubt, and hope are all feelings brought to mind when thinking about the history and the future of Aboriginal education. By taking a look at the past, anyone can see that the right to education for Aboriginal peoples has been fought about as early as the 1870s. This is still is a pressing issue today. Elder teachings, residential, reserve and post-secondary schools have all been concerning events of the past as well as the present. Though education has improved for the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, there are still many concerns and needs of reconciliation for the past to improve the future.

The five tribes are known as the Five Civilized Tribes. The five tribes are the Cherokee Indians, Chickasaw Indians, Choctaw Indians, Creek Indians, and Seminole Indians. These five tribes weren’t apart of the original allotment act (Calloway 423). This act was giving land to the nations in continual effort to “civilize” the Indians. All five of the tribes renovated their financial, teaching, and administrative design after the removal procedure, and were workable as self-ruling government (Calloway 423). The tribes had to readjust to policies imposed by the government, and also adapt to life in a new location with new people.

The French relationship with First Nations has been a dominate factor in Canadian history. Their successful means in establishing such relations led them to great achievements and downfalls. This relationship was successfully earned by the French for a variety of reasons. One, the First Nations, already in awe of European culture, were eager to trade due to their further fascination of European items (232). More specifically, they desired basic European goods such as “…knives, hatchets, kettles, beads, cloth and, eventually, the firearms of the French (5). Unlike the English, the French seized greater advantage of First Nations cooperation by demonstrating acts of tolerance and respect (8). The efforts of Samuel de Champlain, who formed “The Order of Good Cheer” to increase friendly relations, highlights this sentiment (1.3). To further impress them, the French utilized the practice of gift giving, a tradition they discovered in Brazil (1.3). One other essential factor in establishing relations was partly due to intermarriages between both

The Treaty of 1868 was between the Navajo and United Stated that was signed in to law in the late 19th century. Navajo leaders made an agreement for peace and friendship, reservation boundaries, education, land development and ownership. It allowed the

When Europeans were first established to Northern America, the Cree and the Inuit were compelled to relocate further North every time a marketable resource discovery was detected. In 1975, the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement between Hydro-Quebec and the Indians was reasoned to solve the issue between the two concerns. Nonetheless, the Cree and the Inuit believe the agreement was violated. They did not execute the environmental effects assessment.

This treaty was an agreement between the two parties in which the Natives ceded over 2.1 million acres of land by Lake Huron in exchange for a perpetual annuity of 1, 100 pounds. This left the Natives with Ipperwash point, divided into four sections for each existing native clan. The treaty, grossly favoring the British, was going smoothly until the 1790’s, when new European settles decided to expand into and occupy land on Ipperwash territory. There was much agitation between the two groups, but had no real consequences until the 1900s, when European settles voted to have the Ipperwash land, once again, reduced to only 50 acres for all four sanctions. In addition to this, Native Americans were encroaching on Ipperwash territory; the government was encouraging the two groups to combine into one large group. They were often considered as such by the British government, but the two groups resented each other and refused to cohabitate. Though there are no specific dates documenting fights because of these situations, it was causing obvious friction between all ethnic

They turned toward the indian territory and created a treaty that made all land east of the mississippi part of the U.S. However it wasn't till around 1831 did settlers start moving into the new territory. Many indians still living there, including one by the name of black hawk refused to leave and thought the treaty was wrong “I will leave it to the people of the Unites Sates to say, whether our nation was properly represented in this treaty? Or weather we received a fair compensation for the extent of our country being ceded my those 4 individuals?”(Hawk).He thought the treaty was unfair because “They had been drunk the greater part of the time”(hawk) when the treaty was being discussed and signed. This started the black hawk war that lasted 14 weeks and killed few settlers compared to the hundreds of indians who lost there

Many First Nations groups felt the numbered treaties signed by the Dominion Government and their First Nations Chiefs between 1877-1921 were rushed and disorganized.

In 1876, the Papaschase people signed Treaty 6 with the Canadian government. They felt the need to sign Treaty 6 because because the United States killed off their food source. A few other events that happened are the settlements of the white, the USA wanting to take over Western Canada & the war between the Aboriginal people & the USA over territory in the south. The Papaschase people & the Canadian government wanted to avoid wars against the US.