Gender stereotypes have existed since the beginning of modern man. We've all heard them before; male dominance and female weakness, a controlled male and a flustered female, aggression and passion, and many others that all basically boil down to the same thing. Emily Martin, in her essay entitled The Egg and the Sperm, takes this problem of gender stereotype to a new and much more serious level. As an anthropologist, Martin is concerned with the socio-cultural impacts on many different aspects of everyday life, including biology. In doing her research for this article, Martin was trying to uncover suspicions she had about socio-cultural gender stereotypes, and the affects they had on the diction used to describe egg and sperm …show more content…
She would carefully cite key quotations from all of her sources that would help to prove her purpose. She starts out by looking at biology books of the past, and then heads into much more recent books and discoveries.
What Martin finds throughout her research, is almost on the level of disturbing. Throughout her article, Martin is simply just building evidence to support her purpose. After multiple citations and careful scrutiny over the way the egg and sperm interactions were worded, she notices a very distinct trend in their diction. Her results needless to say, were what she was expecting to find when she started the research.
Martin, after careful consideration and researching in unique methods, comes to an overall conclusion that there are cultural influences in the way egg and sperm interactions are presented in textbooks. This conclusion has many serious implications behind it. Science is supposed to be unbiased, straight to the facts, report only what is observed, field. Martin, being an anthropologist, certainly knows this fact and makes use of it. She sarcastically makes a subtitle in her article entitled Egg and Sperm: A Scientific Fairy tale. A scientific fairy tale is an oxymoron in itself, just further proving how wrong it is to have the egg and sperm portrayed in that
Who should be responsible for stopping the 120 million sperm that are released during a male orgasm from fertilizing a female’s egg? The context of that question has been a societal debate in terms of the consequences of unplanned pregnancy and whether it is a female, male or both sexes responsibility to practice “safe sex”. Introducing the birth control pill for women in the 1960s created a huge controversy between sexual conservatives and the women who would benefit from the pill, but the responsibility still remained in the hands of women. However, as medicine has advanced and the possibility of a male birth control pill has amounted, many wonder if the same issues would arise if a male birth control pill did in fact become
In the article "An Interview With Helen Watt" reports the process tht Dr. Helen Watt achieves to make a perfect baby. Dr. Helen Watt states that two unfertilized eggs are needed to help prevent the unborn child from receving a health problems that the parents dont want the baby to have. A other proceess the doctor uses is by taking parts that are good from the both embroy eggs to accomplish a threed egg that will be superior to the other two eggs. The doctor infroms that parents adjustments to their future baby will make them love them unconditionally something that nature has had difficulties doing. Dr. Helen Watt stated that it was logical for some people to be agents it because of religon belifes. In fact this process of modifying babies
Hotchkiss also commented about the reference value provided by Moench for sperm morphology analysis67 (<20% of abnormal forms). Although he did not disagree from Moench, he argued: ‘In an incomplete but rather large groups of cases of proved fertility now under study I have yet to find an instance of normal pregnancy attributable to a seminal specimens with excessively large number of abnormal sperm, yet this condition is no infrequently encountered in cases of disturbed fertility.’
Each of the 5 egg solutions was observed at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, and 20 minutes after the initial exposure to sperm. Fertilization was confirmed by the presence of the vitelline envelope surrounding the egg. Both the number of eggs in the field of view of the microscope, as well as the number of eggs fertilized was recorded. For each of the 5 salinity concentrations, a total of 3 trials were
Over the years in American history, women have fought for the rights and freedoms that men were born with. For a while now after all this hard work women have put in to get these rights, you would think there wouldn’t be any more hoops to jump through, but you would be unquestionably wrong. Emily Martin wrote “The Egg and The Sperm: How Science Has Constructed a Romance Based on Stereotypical Male-Female Roles” to show the world that there is gender stereotyping not only in our culture but also scientific language as well (Martin, 39). In reproductive roles males are depicted as the heroic warrior who go on missions to get to females, while women are seen as wasteful and passive, not working nearly as hard as the men. Not only does science exhibit females in such a derogatory aspect, but it’s teaching children in early age science textbooks the gender bias as well. Scientific stereotyping seems to be influenced by cultural stereotyping which in itself is a drastic problem. When will it be acceptable for males and females to work together as equals in a humane environment? Academic research throughout the conversation of language in science indiscreetly displays gender bias towards males, aiding the theories that Martin addresses in her article.
In several experiments,65-67 Moench also depicted a wide picture of abnormal sperm morphology and attempted to provide a reference value for evaluating the capacity of fertilization of men. According to Moench, semen with morphologically abnormal spermatozoa up to 20% would be normal. Semen between 20 and 23% would have decreased fertility and value >25% they were compatible with sterility.
The sperm and the egg are the key to reproduction. Without the sperm fertilizing the egg there would no reproduction. They both start off in very different places and in different ways but come together to create a life. The journey to create a life is a very interesting one and in this paper I will be outlining it in detail, describing the male and female sex organs and the role of both these organs in fertilization.
From the film, we learned that due to certain implications on the reproductive systems of animals in the wildlife, there is a chance that humans will eventually develop abnormalities as well. We know this because over the last 50 years, there have been over 60 studies which have revealed a 50 percent drop in the sperm count of human males. As a result, we can believe the sperm count will continue to drop in the future which may result in widespread infertility.
The danger of a single story is a reflection about how only one perspective about a subject can make we have an incomplete view about how things really are. People empowered can make a whole nation think as they want to by only telling a single story many times. So, at some point that's the only true people know. The Egg and the Sperm is a good example of how a single story can decrease the value of something. In this case how scientists used to explain how conception happened by making the sperm superior to the egg, and by arguing that female organs are interdependent and male organs are autonomous, and by having the understand that the menstruation is a failure. In sum, in so many ways those scientist spread the idea that men are superior
Although both egg and sperm are “parallel” in the creation of a child the terms of payment and screening, and selection are subject to gender stereotyping. Almeling made some interesting observations surrounding the end to end process of gender in the fertilization market. In advertising to women Creative Beginnings say they “appeal to the idea
On the other hand, in for example China, sperm donation is less accepted than egg donation as they believe mostly in patriarchal values and patrilineage continuity. Such acceptance can also be influenced by cultural constructions of gender. This can be seen, according to Haimes (1993), in Britain and the United States, where egg donation is seen as asexual and altruistic, such that Becker (2000) argues that because of this, a family member might be accepted to be the egg donor. On the other hand sperm donation is seen as sexualized, and in this case having sperm donating from a family member is not so encouraged. (Levine; 2008; 381-383)
Even though women today are allowed to do many things in which they did not have much say in the past there is still controversy as of today. When a person thinks of sexual inequality they usually think of the home stay mom or the girl not being able to play American football because she 's a woman and not a man. However, there is a lot more to this female injustice, more as of in an educational basis, in the text books. More specifically in the science textbooks where everyone is taught human anatomy and behavior.
In this essay, Gorovitz points out several logical fallacies in embryonic research opponent essays, including Kass’. For instance, one of his arguments is that opposing essays usually use slippery slope arguments, stating that starting of artificial insemination would lead us to social disaster (117). He argues that the slippery slope arguments are not valid in this discussion because they never provide any rational evidences why we cannot stop after we start down this path. Gorovitz claims that “Collectively we have significant capacity to exercise judgment and control” (118) so the practice of artificial insemination will not lead us to the disaster. There are few more ill logics in Kass’ and other opposing essays that Gorovitz has pointed out. Ironically, however, logical fallacies he uses to attack his opponents also appear in his essay too.
What is this world coming to, last week, the first time in history a child was being conceived with sperm from a dead man? However, this is strange because the sperm was not taken from the man while he was alive, rather it was taken from his corpse. How crazy is this? This successful new way to reproduce means that we now mostly confront the ethics of collecting sperm from men after they died (Kahn, 2015).
In today’s society, people are more advanced and have control over an extensive amount of things that ancestors never would have dreamed about. One of these things is the act of semen being “donated” to provide to women in order to achieve pregnancy. Sperm banks have led to the contribution of creating many happy families. However, research has proven that it can cause long term effects. The use of sperm banks as an option for pregnancy has negative effects on the children, mothers, and donors. This act of artificial insemination has the ability to effect the mental and physical state of the child and mother, and also society’s view of the donor.