The Effects Of Soil Ph Soil Moisture, Organic Horizon Width, And Slope Of The Hill

Every forest has a story to tell. By looking closely at its habitants, that story can be interpreted. Much of this narrative is written in the trees: their age, their tolerance to shade, and the rate at which they grow are all characteristics that can imply a lot about their environment. Exploring these relationships and how they connect with each other can indicate the health and history of the land. Heiberg Forest, located in northern New York, was once used for agricultural purposes in the 1800-1900’s. (Nowak, Lecture Notes) Much of the land once used for farming was left to regrow back into a young forest. The life history of different tree species can be determined by examining the most common species in Heiberg.

Biological Issue. (n.d.). Retrieved March 16, 2014, from http://averillbiology.blogspot.com/2011/01/redwood-trees-devastating-deforestation.html CHAPTER FOUR: ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS: THE TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT. (1998). Environmental Management Handbook, 177-192.

Fire has long been understood to have an impact on the ecosystem of our native woodlands, but it is only recently that we have come to understand its importance in maintaining the ecosystem. This report takes samples of the flora structure and growth in two different areas of Anstey Hill Recreation Park. The first was last burnt in 1995, and the second burnt in 2012. The results of these samples can be compared to data sampled in 2011, when the 2012 burnt area had not been burnt since Ash Wednesday in 1983.

The ancient forests of the Northeast aren’t the only aspect of the bioregion that’s fate have been at perpetual risk since the early settlement of Europeans. There is no question that forests still dominate the landscape of Northeastern region accounting for “60% of the total land area, and in New England alone, the coverage is 80%”. Still the species that exist within the understory of the forests have undergone an equally dramatic transformation because of human interaction with the land and the harvest of its resources. Some species in the understory of the mixed forests of the Northeast have been driven out of the region, are under intense ecological pressure, are on the brink of extinction, or have already gone extinct in the region. Perhaps one of the most harmful and impactful effects colonization of the Northeast has had on the resources of the land is the introduction of non-native species and diseases into the region. Over time the overall makeup of the forests have changed drastically as an example, “…the American chestnut once made up as much as 25% of the trees in some areas and was economically the most important hardwood in the Eastern forests”. The introduction of chestnut blight at the turn of the century accounts for

Looking further into the impacts of the Rodeo-Chediski fire the trees saw the greatest impact of the fire. Almost 90% of the trees suffered complete crown kill (Ffolliott, 2008). Either some trees had survived with low severity, were harmed, or dead because of the drought and the fire combined. Even though some of the trees that had faced high severity apparently after having seen what trees had survived the fire yet by 2004 two years after the fire they had died (Ffolliott, 2008). The wildfire also impacted the standardization structure, post-fire mortality of trees, and stocking of tree reproduction on the Steamer Ridge Watershed (Ffolliott, 2008). After the fire had finally been contained the density of the forest had been forever changed.

The Acadian forest in Canada takes up 12.1 million hectares, and can be distinguished from other parts of Canadian forests by its location in the lowlands and deep valleys and by its mixed hardwood and softwood composition. The position of these trees in deep valleys isolates them from other forests, and limits their ability to further naturally spread their population geographically, and causes them to be more significantly impacted by disturbances. The Acadian forest region covers the Canadian provinces of Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick, with a rich diversity of plant and animal species consisting of many shade-tolerant trees and lichens. Yet these shade-tolerant trees are slowly transitioning into small seedlings as logging practices abolish old trees. The old-growth hardwood population in specific provides critical habitats for animal species though these trees are declining in numbers due to extensive logging. With the declining old-growth trees, the number of critical habitats will also decline and animal species will most likely die out. These regions are affected by climate change at the same time, which increases the vulnerability of Acadian biodiversity.

In North America, the boreal forest is known to be one of the largest carbon storage systems. A boreal forest is a biome that is made up of trees such as pines, spruces and another conifer species, the Black Spruce being one of the most essential species of the boreal forest. Fires may be a significant element to the ecosystem in terms of maintaining an ideal community by selecting for species and their traits that, in return, shape the environment, however forest fires are causing the Black Spruce species to deteriorate in population size due to the effects of the fires, caused by a rise in temperature. Clearly, temperature is the leading factor causing constant wildland fires across North America. This concludes the degree of heat intensity in the environment is

Differences in the Woodland Ecosystem as the Result of Different Management Strategies Introduction: In this piece of work, I am studying the hypothesis, "Differences in woodland ecosystems are the result of different management strategies. " This means the way woodlands are managed affect the ecosystems. Places like Bishops wood, need to be looked after and carefully managed, if they are to remain attractive. Bishops wood is very large park and attracts over 90 million visitors a year.

This research looks to understand how microscale differences in soil and plant canopy surface temperatures, rather than macroscale differences, can affect a plant’s photosynthetic output, its ability to survive in a given environment, and the general ecological processes within the alpine fellfield ecosystem. This ecological research was conducted in the White Mountains of eastern California: an alpine fellfield ecosystem with rich plant diversity. From the first to the third of August in 2005, the researchers measured changes in surface temperature on a spatial scale by measuring variances within a few centimeters of soil and a time-based scale by measuring differences within the span of a few minutes. The results showed a tremendous variation in temperature on both spatial and time-based scales based on the respective locations of different plant environments in the alpine fellfield. Models predict that the alpine fellfield will experience a higher range of

Forest communities like Battle Park have different environmental factors within their area. On different slopes, depending on the direction it is facing, the soil and area could be wetter or drier. This study is looking to see if the north-facing and south-facing sites have differences in basal area, density, species richness, and diversity. Also, there may be some similarities in the area since both are from the same park.

When analyzing the map obtained for percentage of canopy density in Southwestern Grady Oak Savanna and part of the Green Prairie unit, we can see how there’s some areas that are close to what we would expect in terms of canopy density for an Oak Savanna. This areas, like the ones in the Northwestern part of the Southwestern Grady Oak Savanna and the northern half of the Green Prairie present percentages of canopy cover lower than 50%. However, most of the area analyzed presents a percentage of canopy density bigger than 50%, with some areas presenting values ranging as high as from 86% to 99%. The southern part of the Southwestern Grady Oak Savanna is one of them. The effects of this closed canopy can be

With poor weather, it was clear that the species that thrived in the wooded areas survived more effectively as a result of the protection that offered by the woods. Although more mosses and grasses were present near the quarries, it was obvious that they were much more susceptible to wind, cold, and rain. With fall in full swing, the vegetation near the quarries changed much sooner than the woodland vegetation.

In Area 2, the species with the highest dominance value was the Oregon White Oak (70.6%). Oregon White Oaks provide shelter, housing, and food to various animals as well. Diversity of birds is often higher in Oregon White Oaks than in an adjacent coniferous forest. Using the dominance data, it tells us that at this moment in time Oregon Oak and

The reading passage presents three hypothesis to explain the decline in the yellow cedar trees in North America. However, the lecturer doesn’t agree with the author . She puts forward her points to defend her argument.

Results are expected to vary due to site characteristics and management histories (Hoover et al. 2012), and in this case, invasive species and harvesting in the past century could have contributed to our estimate being lower than the regional estimate of 116 Mg C/ha. Invasive species can affect forest health, regeneration, and forest structure, so invasive species could have crowded out live trees, decreasing the above-ground live tree carbon pool. The unharvested stand has not been cut in the past three decades so this factor should not affect the above-ground carbon pool significantly, though it has likely been harvested more than the old growth forest stands sampled in Hoover et al. (2012) because there was no evidence of harvesting in those stands. Species composition of the unharvested stand could have contributed to our estimate for the above-ground live tree carbon pool being slightly higher than the estimate from Smith et al. (2004). Our unharvested stand was mainly made up of sugar maple and beech trees (Figure 2.), and these two species contain more carbon than birch (Jenkins et al. 2003).