The Impact of Malnutrition on Educational Disparities in Africa
By: Merette Khalil and Blessing Kuebee, African Students Association At the start of the millennium, various United Nations (UN) partners came together to tackle some of the world’s deadliest and most pressing social and economic problems, and in doing so, established the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In the past 15 years, the MDGs have been evaluated and re-evaluated. This year the UN has declared a new set of 17 goals for the next 15 years called the Sustainable Development Goals. The first issue on both agendas is the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, a problem that is specifically significant for the entire continent of Africa.
Clarifying a few terms based on the World Food Program’s definition is essential to understanding the scope of the problem.
Hunger is “not having enough to eat to meet energy requirements.” It can lead to malnutrition, which is a condition when one’s diet “does not provide adequate nutrients for growth and maintenance or when a person is not able to adequately utilize the food consumed due to illness.” Undernutrition, being nutrient deficient, being underweight and even being overweight are all complications that result from hunger.
Undernourishment is when “a person is not able to acquire enough food to meet the daily minimum dietary energy requirements, over a period of one year.”
Wasting is “rapid weight loss or a failure to gain weight and is strongly related
Nowadays, hunger is not only linked with food it is also related to the family income level, also, it represents the feeling of starving to the time that it is disturbing or even frustrating. Oxford dictionary define hunger as “A feeling of discomfort or weakness caused by lack of food, coupled with the desire to eat.” Indeed, most people would admit that when someone is starving, they are not performing to their absolute potential. This sense of resentment and anger when one is craving for food is prompted by a decline in the body’s blood- glucose level. In this case if the level declines, the human brain will recognize it as a threatening situation. The leading cause of hunger among
Malnutrition is a common health problem and is caused by either an inadequate diet or a problem absorbing nutrients from food. There are many reasons why this might happen, including having reduced mobility, a long-term health condition or a low income. The most common symptom of under-nutrition is unplanned weight loss and other signs could be weak muscles, feeling tired all the time, low mood and an increase in illnesses or infections. The main sign of over-nutrition is being overweight or obese. However, people with under-nutrition can also be overweight if they eat a diet high in energy (calories), but low in other nutrients. Signs of malnutrition in children can include failure to grow at the expected rate and changes in behaviour such as appearing unusually irritable, sluggish or anxious
Halakha by definition is Jewish religious law, encompassing both civil and religious commandments and prohibitions. The word Halakha stems from the root meaning to walk. Halakha involves the study of law and customs in the Jewish religion. According to rabbinic law it must be performed to sanctify all life and attain redemption. This idea when introduced was a collection of rabbinic commentaries from the Hebrew bible or the torah. The importance of halakha among Judaism and its trends, ideas, theories etc. is the fact that halakha is trying to integrate itself into the world and not just strictly deal with Jews but integrate itself into the world of non-Jews. Halakha is derived from the oral and written torah. The laws can cover many
Hunger is something we experience every single day, but the hunger I am talking about isn’t what you are thinking. Hunger is when something is missing or absent. It can be emotionally, physically, physiological or spiritual. We are always hungry for something in life and as an adult, you are never truly full. We are constantly striving for more and to fulfill all types of hunger. This is perfectly described in the of Ian Frazier’s article, “Hungry Minds.”
Sheaves for Christ is one of many important ministries in the United Pentecostal Church International. The money donated to Sheaves for Christ goes to help with many different life-changing experiences and also changes the lives of many people who depend on this offering for the resources they need. The money you sacrifice does not go in vain. It can go to help with many different ministries around the world, including, helping missionaries carry the gospel to the furthest parts of the world by receiving a vehicle, or helping a child find healing and a future at Tupelo Children’s Mansion or Lighthouse Ranch for Boys. The dollar you donate may be just a dollar to you, but to the missionaries, who are in desperate need of a vehicle, or the child that needs just one more chance, it represents a very precious commodity, hope.
Hunger is a creation of God in the human life system. In His design of man, God made man with several components that form the various body systems according to biologists (Hockenbury and Sandra 63). It is a common occurrence to find people saying that they are hungry; their stomachs are empty and so forth. When the stomach is feeling this empty, the person wishes to have something to eat.
From a clinical perspective, malnutrition is “a body mass index (BMI) of less than 18.5kg/m2, unintentional weight loss greater than 10% within the last 3-6 months, a BMI of less than 20kg/m2 and unintentional weight loss greater than 5% within the last 3-6 months” (Malnutrition Task Force, 2013, p.7).
What is Hunger? Think of the time when someone complains about being hungry, and your stomach growls and is in pain for food. Envision going through life not knowing where and when next meal will come. World Hunger has taken over society in many ways with its harmful effect on the people and the world. We have to find a way to end the world hunger.
Malnutrition can either be under nutrition or over nutrition. All these are mentioned in the research but more attention is given to the latter. Under nutrition is a state resulting from intake of inadequate amount of nutrients, the nutrients commonly affected are protein and energy sources known as protein energy malnutrition (PEM),( AMREF training manual 1990).
3. Is there a significant correlation between the achievement in mathematics of the student-respondents and the teacher-respondents’ profile:
Hunger can be characterized as an uneasy condition of a living being brought about by the absence of sustenance/ nourishment, in result bringing on the shortcoming of the body. In different terms hunger can be a longing and an over-whelming yearning, either for having an ownership of a specific thing, or to do something. An intense or severe longing for food, money, power or anything else makes an individual greedy and selfish. Thus, the extreme and critical form of hunger is greed.
Looking at the MDGs as the whole, poverty reduction was the central theme in the development agenda; it was aimed to cut in half proportion of the population living below $1 a day from around 30 percent of the developing countries by 2015 (United Nations, 2005). Even though these targets have been almost achieved; it was predicted that there are about 825 million of citizen still live in extreme poverty and 800 million still suffer from inadequate hunger (FAO, 2015). Thus, fighting against poverty
Hunger is an issue which many people think lies little importance. Im going to give you a look at World Hunger as a Picture of Poverty, how it affects Third World Nations, and How World Hunger is a disease that is plaguing our society.
“The world’s hunger is ridiculous. There is more fruit in a rich man’s shampoo than on a poor man’s plate” (The World’S). Nigeria consists of 186 million people and of those 450,000 are malnourished children (Nigeria). A malnourished child is one not receiving the appropriate amount of nutrients in their system. In America, this can be from eating a substantial amount of unhealthy food or from not eating enough.. Unfortunately, the situation in Nigeria is strictly not obtaining enough food or any at all. Nigeria is only one of many that need help in getting food to its people. Therefore, the number of people with an inadequate amount of food in Nigeria is increasing due to conflict and needs to be decreased due to it causing a variety of diseases and making it easier for viruses to spread throughout the country.
According to the Country Report in 2013, South Africa has come along way in terms of achieving the Millennium Development Goals for 2015. When looking at goal one, which has to do with eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, they have almost completed all of the targets. As of 2013, South Africa has achieved the proportion of population below $1.00 per day and the proportion of population below $1.25 per day. They are likely to achieve the proportion of population below $2.00 per day. They have achieved the poverty gap ratio of $1.00, $1.25, and $2.00 per day. They are likely to achieve the poverty gap ratio of $2.50 per day. They are likely to achieve the percentage of employed people living below $1.00 per day. Although they have achieved and are likely to achieve many of these targets for goal one which has to do with poverty, they are unlikely to reach the share of the poorest quintile in national consumption, the percentage growth rate of GDP per person employed, employment-to-population ratio, and the percentage of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment. In terms of hunger they are likely to achieve the percent of prevalence of underweight children less than five years of age. They have also achieved the percentage of people who report experiencing hunger. Goal two is just as accomplished as goal one.