There is conflicting debate of whether or not wars stimulate national economies; or if war spending has been partially offset by the negative macroeconomic consequences of increased deficits and debt used to finance the wars. According to (J., Stiglitz and L., Bilmes, 2010), as the United States ends combat in Iraq, it is estimated that the government has spent upwards of $3 trillion dollars, “which accounted for both government expenses and the wars broader impact on the U.S. economy”. There are multiple triggers that add to the federal debt crisis, the Iraq War has been a contributing factor; research indicates that the Iraq war was completely funded by borrowing. While we analyze the economic impact of the Iraq War one notion was consistent throughout the research; war has a profound effect on the economy, the government and its fiscal and monetary policies. This paper will explore and provide a financial comparison of the economy during the Iraqi and World War Two. In addition, our research findings identify statistical data of the United States economy prior and post Iraq War. Also, we provide a range of estimates for War’s costs to America has been, and are likely to be. Finally, we consider the accounting of billions of US dollars for military operations; which include embassy cost, enhanced security of US bases and medical treatment of disabled veterans who have bravely served in the Iraq War.
The Impact of Military Spending
There are macroeconomic costs
The American economy thrived tremendously after World War II. During this time, more families were able to be considered middle class, thus enhancing our economy. It gave opportunities for families to move up economic classes in order to improve their wealth. The distribution of wealth evened out because of this concept. The programs and situations that concern to expanding the economy were the defeat of Japan and Germany, Baby Boom, GI Bill, Levittown, and Interstates. Furthermore, the programs and situations that concern to wealth distribution were Baby Boom, GI Bill, Levittown, Unions, and Interstates.
According to a study conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics and Information Technology, which is prepared in cooperation with the United Nations Development Programme entitled "non-core unsatisfied needs - mapping and standards of living in Iraq," in late 2006, 31% of households and 34% of individuals suffering from deprivation. This figure hides wide disparities between rural and urban areas. At the provincial level, the study revealed that the general trend of poverty during the 1980s and 1990s affected by the effects of the Iran-Iraq war and the era of the blockade. Denial rates clearly indicate that the southern region is the most affected region, compared with other provinces, and Samawa, Babil, Qadisiyah and Dhi Qar, Diyala, Karbala,
Hartung, W. D. (2003, February 14). War without end? The costs of the new military buildup. United States. Retrieved July 15, 2005, from http://www.iansa.org/iraq
expenses that could grow to more than $6 trillion over the next four decades counting interest” (Trotta 1). That’s six trillion dollars added on to the seventeen trillion dollars in debt the United States has already amassed. In 2013, Daniel Trotta, a writer for Reuters News, interviewed Joseph Stiglitz, an economist who won the Nobel Prize in 2001 and gave this statement, “The Iraq war has contributed to the U.S. economic slowdown and is impeding an economic recovery…” (1). Economic problems is not what the United States needs at this time while the markets are still recovering from the 2008
The American soldiers fighting in foreign lands create a high cost of war. The multiple factors related to the high cost of maintaining America’s vast military bases in foreign lands is not sustainable, but the human cost of families coping with injuries suffered in war by home coming vets from foreign wars is not acceptable either. The foreign and political sides are the cost of maintaining a large military presence here and abroad is not feasible. Whereas, the concerns of war over domestic issues must be a balance between military spending and infrastructure was in America’s best interest. The main focus on key issues like causalities, political, foreign, and lobbyist and much more topics
As Canada was maturing, many currencies were circulating throughout the colonies. “It was not until the Province of Canada’s revised Currency Act of 1857 that dollars and cents were recognized as the only official units of Canadian currency” (Vardy, J., 2005, p 3) “Silver and bronze coins, denominated in cents and bearing the word “Canada” issued for the first time in 1858, were the first distinctive Canadian Currency”. This currency was referred to as Dominion Notes and could be issued by “commercial banks, private enterprises and governments” (Vardy, J. , 2005,p 3). These notes “became the official currency of Canada in 1876” (Vardy, J., 2005, p 3).
World War II brought several changes to the world and specifically America. It not only changed the world map but also set impact on the behaviours. WWII played a major role in building turning points during different periods. Before WWII, African Americans were not offered equal rights in the community. It was considered an impossible thing that African could ever do a white collar or even a blue collar job. However, soon after the WWII, there came a turning point in the lives of African American with the Civil Rights Act in 1964.
World War II began near the end of the worst financial crisis in American history, the Great Depression. In October 1929 the stock market crashed leading to a economic collapse that would become known as the Great Depression. The depression went on to devastate the American economy throughout the 1930’s until its end in the 1940’s. Around this time, Nazi imperialism and frayed international relationships were setting the stage for the largest global conflict ever. World War II ended the Great Depression through increasing government spending, expanding the job market, and growing the national economy. The New Deal attempted to achieve these goals, but was largely unsuccessful.
In later years, influential men like John O’Sullivan would made every effort to promote the Oregon territory and annexation of Texas into the United States strongly believing that it was American’s destiny to continue as a nation of human progress, expanding far and wide as God has willed in order to reach an era of American greatness. In an article that he wrote focusing on Manifest Destiny he states, “That America had been chosen to smite all evil that enveloped the land and it was their mission to spread peace and good will to all they encountered. The United States was destined to be a great nation of futurity that would last throughout the ages.” Now was the time to take action and make moves that would affect the future generations to come. Walt Whitman was another individual who believed that it was necessary to expand to the Pacific coast. Whitman wrote, “What has miserable, inefficient Mexico - with her superstition, her burlesque upon freedom, her actual tyranny by the few over the many - what has she to do with the great mission of peopling the new world with a noble race? Be it ours, to achieve that mission!” He was convinced that it was America’s mission to take the land of Mexico, freeing the people from the tyranny of the government. He believed that people should learn to coexist with one another and only then could the country begin to truly flourish. His positive attitude towards the Mexican American War impacted the thoughts of many to continue siding
If the emotional effects of the war were not enough, the war also hit the US economy. All wars throughout history have had a transformative effect on the economies of the participating nations. The Vietnam War severely impacted the United States’ economy due to the amount of product that the war required. A factory that would normally produce a consumer good would instead be used to produce bullets, uniforms, artillery, etc. all for the war effort. The GDP of the United States was altered from it's growing state in the early 60’s. The change in factory production from consumer goods to military goods caused controversy in the eyes of the people over the government’s use of economic policy. Money was going out, but no money was coming in. The US progressively saw more and more change to its economy. War brings on, debt and bills in large
Before World War I, the United States was in a period of isolationism, and a determination to stay out of European wars and affairs, while trying to maintain its status as one of the world’s biggest superpowers, militarily and economically (“United States Before”). America was just exiting the Gilded Age, which was an important time of growth and prosperity. Despite this, the American economy was in a small recession when entering the war, which was reversed by a 44 month period of growth caused by production for the war (NBER). This 44 month period helped the economy expand, and furthered the strength of the country. It also furthered the confidence of American businesses and the government which contributed to the attitude that caused overconfidence and helped to spread the Great Depression.
Genesis One describes how God went about creating the world. These stories were originally passed down through oral tradition until it came the time when these stories were able to be recorded. In order for us to have the ability to read the Bible in English, it had to be translated from various languages. We are not fully capable of understanding Genesis One through the writer’s perspective but we can use contextual tools to grasp meanings and concepts to our greatest potential.
The First World War, also known as the Great War of 1914-1918, is not an event that manifested overnight; it was the result of ever growing tension among European nations. This conflict was brought about by factors such as, nationalism, militarism, and the Alliance system. An upheaval such as the First World War was witness to the emergence of the glorification of war, struggle, despair, destruction and immense loss of life. The First World War brought about a defining moment in the history of the modern consciousness. The modern world was born anew with a self-conscious awareness of plight and modern society. This awareness has been characterized by a profound sense of the differences between past and present.
After coming out of the Great Depression the United States could not afford to be in anymore debt. From purchasing guns, ammunitions, aircrafts, and warships, the debt was rising dramatically. While the American public supported the troops, the cost of the war would affect America for years to come.
War has influenced economic history profoundly across time and space. Winners of wars have shaped economic institutions and trade patterns. Wars have influenced technological developments. Above all, recurring war has drained wealth, disrupted markets, and depressed economical growth.