The Debate Over World Supremacy

The Olympics have shown over the decades that they can be affected by political conflict. However, it seems that this is the point of the Olympics, to illustrate national pride, by competition. Bloodshed should not be the way for pride of one’s country to be shown, but it should be shown through competition, in the words of the founder of the modern Olympic movement, Pierre de

Before the 1968 Olympics, the world was in chaos. Countries had internal and external problems that were carried on to the Olympic stage. Issues like the Cold War, South Africa apartheid, and the Civil Rights movement took part in forming the games and taking the stage. However, the host of the Olympics, Mexico, was in for a rude awakening. First, they had to prove to the world that they were capable of hosting the games. Second, they had to handle the worlds issues and their own too. Mexico’s problems consisted of the effect of high altitude on athlete’s performance and student protests. These concerns are all discussed in Kevin Witherspoon’s book, Before the Eyes of the World: Mexico and the 1968 Olympic Games. Witherspoon argues how global and internal disputes were able to impact Mexico in how they handled the most watched event.

The issue of National Supremacy is one that is addressed through several cases decided by the Marshall Court. National Supremacy refers to the idea that when a conflict arises between a state law and a federal law, the federal law will take precedence. It comes from the Supremacy Clause in Article Six, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution. The clause makes the U.S. Constitution, its treaties, and its federal laws the highest laws in the country. McCullough v. Maryland (1819) and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) are two of the most important cases concerning National Supremacy that came to the Supreme Court during John Marshall 's time as chief justice. While McCullough deals with the right of the federal government to create its own bank, Gibbons deals with the right of the federal government to regulate interstate and foreign commerce.

As a sporting mega-event, the Olympic Games have numerous social impacts on the people, not only on those from the host country, but on individuals all over the globe.

In the early 20th century, world domination was a realistic notion advocated by American leaders, specifically, then-Governor and future President, Theodore Roosevelt. Many outspoken political commentators opposed this notion and believed world domination was excessive and unnecessary and was not in America’s best interest. One of these political commentators was none other than the revered Mark Twain, who, in his 1901 satirical piece, “To the Person Sitting in Darkness”, attempts to expose the downsides of American expansionism. Twain accomplishes this by satirically describing the pursuit for world domination as a “game” between coercive countries and highlighting the deceptive nature of these countries to win the “game”. Also through

The issue of national supremacy is one that is addressed through several cases decided by the Marshall Court. McCullough v. Maryland (1819) and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) are two of the most important cases concerning national supremacy that came to the Supreme Court during John Marshall 's time as chief justice. While McCullough deals with the right of the federal government to create its own bank, Gibbons deals with the right of the federal government to regulate interstate and foreign commerce.

Are the Olympic Games a waste of money? The Olympic Games are an international event where athletes from every country come together to compete. Many fans and spectators attend this event to cheer for their country. The number of spectators keeps on increasing every four years as the event gets more popular. As this is an international event the cost of hosting it is huge. The total output of the 1976 Montreal Games was $1.48 billion whilst the 2012 London Games was a total of $14.6 billion. Stadiums are built for different disciplines, national representatives are invited to perform in the opening and closing ceremony, as a result the stadiums need a high level of security. Where the hosting country receives the money from, whom it will benefit and what it does to the country, will be the three main points I will be covering in this essay.

This essay will identify and focus on the injustice issues being faced by Qatar as a host of the FIFA World Cup in 2022. Throughout the essay, there will be an analysis of the stakeholders within the event and an identification of the issues being faced. These issues will be explained and linked into the economic activity levels of micro, meso and macro. As well as this, a more in-depth understanding of the stakeholders, there alliances and how they conflict with one an another will be mentioned. To conclude the essay there will be an analysis of different arguments based on the facts of the different situations which the 2022 FIFA World Cup organisers are facing with Qatar and following this a personal conclusion of what I think of the whole matter itself. However, to start off the essay it will be essential understand more about Qatar and their economy.

The Olympic Games is one of the biggest and most unrivaled sporting events in the entire world. At first it may seem like a huge plus or advantage for a city or nation to host this event. However on the contrary there are a lot of negative aspects that occur when a nation hosts this event. While the event is taking place, from the outside it looks like a state of the art, prestigious event that it is. Some of the problems that are caused by hosting Olympic games deal with, stadium development, local resident life, security issues, and many others that will be discussed. One of the big problems when dealing with a mega event such as the Olympic Games is the stadiums, which get built, and how they get abandoned or not used after the games are finished. This is one of the major problems surrounding the Athens 2004 games. Many of the stadiums and infrastructure are left untouched and abandoned to this day.

According to Douglas (2010), large number of migrants moved to the industrialized cities of Britain in the early 20th century during the Industrial Revolution. These migrants came from different backgrounds and had little in common. However, their common interest which was football united them, and clubs began to gain support from regions outside their local areas as well. Here, a small example has been showcased of how football can affect global integration. With the advancement of technology and communications, international matches were held which brought together people of different nations. Lechner (2009) also explains that the introduction of European Championships meant that large number of crowds were attracted to the host nation. Therefore, it was necessary for easier visa entries within these countries, which also affected the trade barriers, taxes on imports etc. In the example of Bari Football Club in this report, European traders came together in the port city of Bari in Italy (Taylor 2006). From this example, we can derive how football brought unity within these tradesmen, which in turn obviously had an effect on the trade between the nations of these tradesmen as well. Hence, improvement of country relations increases trade and migration as well, which acts as a catalyst for the process of

For the purpose of this essay, Harry H. Hiller’s definition of a mega event will be used. ‘A mega event is of fixed duration and on a short-term basis. The event has a high profile, there is a worldwide interest linked to the event and there is a sustainable and measurable economic outcome’ (Harry H. Hiller, 1998, vol1, no.1). With the main focus being the sports mega events of the Olympics and FIFA World Cup. The modern Olympic games began in 1896, since then, there has been a significant increase in the number of bidding candidates. Which has led to an increase in the funds invested in the Olympic bids. Increased expenditure on bids provides evidence, that the future host nations, believe major rewards will be reaped through hosting. These rewards include increased media coverage, leading to globalisation and infrastructural investment which fuels urban regeneration for the host nation. (Essex and Chalkey, 1998). The intention of this essay is to determine why different countries around the world host mega events. The reasons for hosting include; increased tourism rates, increased participation levels, soft power and the ability to get rid of negative stereotypes. When the modern Olympics were established, in 1896, the Olympic movement was created. Leading to the founding of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the International Federations and the National Olympic Committees. The International Olympic Committee are at the heart of the Olympics, represented by a

Each story of a conflict between two side, whether that be two people, cultures, communities, nations, etc, they all have two different opinions. Each side has their own idea of the events and actions that took place, and who did what, who did it first, who started it. However, the truth is always somewhere in the middle. The conclusion that cannot be argued regarding the our historical legacies of globalization, is the fact that the Europeans began the age of exploration and formed the world into one unified world. However, horrific events also took place in this binding of the world. Whole cultures were lost and entire communities of people were wiped off the face of the Earth, with no justified reason why. It was the Europeans that destroyed these cultures and crushed anyone standing in their way of conquest. The Aztecs provide a prime example of the horrific events of globalization. These were a people of great strength and a great empire, yet they were still overtaken by the lust of the Europeans in their search for gold. The legacy of the Aztec is gone and forgotten. Their religion, culture, and lifestyle is nonexistent nowadays. The Europeans hold the blame for this disgusting event in our history. However, how can we respond to this. To what extent can we fix the wrong of our ancestors. With all of them exterminated, how can we even show our feelings of regret. This connects with the idea of the Europeans being at fault, because of them we cannot even respond to

Ever since its inception in 1896, the Modern Olympics has hosted an invisible sport: politics. The Olympics calls for “a halt to all conflicts … [and to] strive towards a more peaceful world,” but politics soon spoiled its biennial message. “As the Olympics continue to dissolve into … a political competition … they no longer … justify the time and trouble,” Dave Anderson, Pulitzer Prize winner for his sports column, wrote in the New York Times in 1984. The Olympic spirit has routinely been used as an outlet for political agendas. With political and Olympic ambitions intersected, the great international sports festivity negatively affects all nations involved.

There are direct impacts to the environment for every sport event that happened, be it small scale or global. Mega –sport events are progressing every now and then since they are stimulators of major programs of improvement and regeneration for means of expressing the personality and enhancing the status of cities that are holding these events. Mega-sport events are then catalysts of development and change of the venues both in the local and national level (James and Dodours,

“Accountability of FIFA matters for the authority of the sport, the business of soccer, and to the larger issue of the accountability of international organizations. Historically, sports do generally, and soccer more specifically, bring people and nations together in a way not seen really in any other area of global society. While soccer itself is not fundamentally a ‘‘big business’’ in economic terms, soccer does have effects for being a big business, particularly in the area of the periodic decisions associated with hosting the World Cup. These decisions are often tied to large programs of government investments in infrastructure, television rights and sponsorship deals.” (Pielke, 2012).