The current sociopolitical structure of developing and developed countries is a result of colonization and imperialism. Language death and linguistic endangerment is woven in with colonization and the history of oppression toward indigenous communities by the colonizers. We cannot speak of language “death” without fist acknowledging the speakers and the systematic oppression that indigenous communities continue struggling to resist. The death of a language has both linguistic and cultural consequences within the particular community affected as well as the world’s knowledge diversity. Languages serve as carriers of cultural knowledge, thorough identity and verbal art; hence, when a language is lost key cultural resources, such as continuity and oral traditions are lost. In this essay I will discuss how economic incentives interrelated with the hegemonic language and language ideologies are two great causes of language death or sleeping languages. In addition, it will highlight what is lost when languages die and will examine how Jane Hill (2002) and Peter Whitely (2003) critique the scholarship on language endangerment. Furthermore, I will share my perspective of Hill and Whitely’s critique of linguistic scholars trend to popularize concepts of universal ownership, hyperbole and apolitical concept of language rights. One of the most important causes of language death is language shifts due to the economic incentives of hegemony. Language shift is when people adopt the
This leads to the idea of the disastrous impacts of “killing” your language. The author discusses this principle as being denied the right to speak within in your country. However, I would like to take this principle one-step farther. Research shows that mastery of other languages demands mastery of the regional language. We see this is apparent in our own Public School system, with English speakers teaching students foreign languages and dialects in the regional language. Thus, in order to shift to a more modernized, globalized world we must start within our own regional culture. Society must understand that mastery of the mother tongue is a prerequisite for creative expression in other languages. (Adichie)
This is essential in asserting the author’s creditability. This quotation explains about the fact that digital technology is effective in rekindling dying languages and scripts such as N’Ko. The story of Traore’s personal experience allows the essay to be more compelling as it helps to make Traore’s story more relatable and credible to the average audience, and awards the readers with an intriguing piece of writing. Rosenberg’s approach of using real life examples works because her audience wants to hear firsthand accounts of other cultures that have either dealt or are dealing with the issue of preserving their indigenous language. She uses the story of Traore to raise interest among audience regarding this topic. By the use of anecdotes, Rosenberg makes Traore’s story more relatable and credible to her audience of linguistic minorities.
Language and culture are interconnected. The matter of how they are intertwined vary according to history and culture. Such variations are important to recognize when analyzing the effects of pivotal periods in history such as settler colonialism. Settler colonialism was a dark period in history and must continuously be recognized for its disturbing chronicle of events. The impacts of settler colonialism still reverberate today. Such impacts can be understood through the direct survivors of settler colonialism. In other words, indigenous nations. Despite centuries of attempted elimination, their presence continues to persevere. This does not exclude its losses, however. Many indigenous communities undergo threats of disappearing languages. Each indigenous language is affected by settler colonialism differently. So, for this research, the focus will be on the Nuu-chah-nulth language, which is spoken in the Nuu-chah-nulth region. Significance: Currently, about ten percent of the Nuu-chah-nulth population speak the native language, while even fewer speak fluently. Thus, understanding what circumstances lead to this dilemma may contribute
While examining the packet of resources, two pieces caught my attention, “Vanishing Voices” by Russ Rymer and the Self Portrait Between the Borderline of Mexico and the United States by Frida Khalo. In “Vanishing Voices”, Russ Rhymer explains, “Parents in tribal villages often encourage their children to move away from their insular language … towards languages that will permit greater education” (Rymer 7). This demonstrates how isolated ethnic groups abandon their culture in order to pick up the global language for economic prosperity. It indicates that remote societies are conforming to globalization for a greater economical gain. Likewise, the bottom of the self portrait of Frida Kahlo clearly displays how plants are converted to provide energy for modern technology. The plants represent the developing countries, while the technology serves as the most-developed countries which are eliminating remote cultures, and are using those countries’ resources for their own commercial advancement. These sources interested me as I had been accustomed to an Indian culture for 7 years, before assimilating into the American culture. I understood that I must learn the English language while preserving a part of my Indian heritage. I spent my 10 years in the U.S. learning English while slowly losing graph of my Indian language. It related to my life story as both sources centered around the theme of discarding one’s native culture to help learn the new language. Lori Hale,
Native Americans and their unique languages were widespread across the United States for most of its existence. However, as time went on, and as history took its course, Native Americans have been mostly removed, and a whole arsenal of their languages have gone with them. Elyse Ashburn has studied the amount of languages that are left. Written in 2007, “A Race to Rescue Native Tongues” uses the strategy of logos to persuade the reader by reason. Many Native languages are disappearing, and people must make an effort to save them.
In fact, judges have lost power over the last few year since the people should decide if the criminal is worthy of mercy or not.
For those languages which have no written form, when the language dies off, so does the accumulated knowledge and history of the culture. Sadly, indigenous languages around the world are dying off at an alarming rate. It is estimated that nearly half of the languages spoken today are likely to die off within the next century if steps are not taken to preserve those which still exist.
Despite being arguably the most powerful nations in the world, European nations such as Great Britain, France, and Germany in the late 1800s could not ignore the colonial ambitions presented to them. All around the globe, once independent and peaceful countries became battlefields of war and conquering due to European invasion. The reasons for these aggressions varied immensely, with some seizing new territory with intentions to accomplish any given set of goals. Countries in frequent cases found use in a region’s natural resources that could be used to manufacture goods or create new markets. On the other hand, some leader’s motives to expand were simply fueled by nationalism, with their nation adding new areas to build upon their empire and gain more power. Some even developed the size of their land to openly promote their culture, ideas, and technology. Although all of these purposes may seem like they could be beneficial to both parties involved, the concept of Imperialism proved to be quite harmful to the colony nation. European imperialism throughout Africa and Asia was more negative because of economic, political, and social factors.
The film “The Linguists” follows linguists Gregory Anderson and David Harrison on their journey to learn about and document endangered languages in Bolivia, India, Arizona, and Siberia. Through their quest, they are able to interact with some of the few remaining speakers of languages that are near death and they manage to make an impact on how these communities view their heritage language. Focusing on the moribund languages of Siberia and Arizona, it becomes evident that speakers of the heritage language feel a love for the language and the culture it represents, but went through periods of oppression and embarrassment for being speakers of a minority language that ultimately shaped their attitudes on the language.
The main characters of the scarlet letter consist of Hester prynne who was condemed for adultry and punished by having to wear the letter A on her clothes and standing on the plantform of shame for 3 hours. She is the protaginist of the story and the most important role played. She also made an agreement with Mr. Chillingworth that of he did not harm the person she had an affair with she would not reveal that he was her husband. Back at this time it was considered embarassing for a husbands wife to have an affair with another man.
Ken Wiwa presents several ideas pertaining to language and culture within his essay, Get Beyond Babel. Wiwa explains that every language has a chance of dying out over time. For any language to survive through years of societal changes, it must be adapted so it can be used to embrace other cultures, new technology and new perspectives. Wiwa presents the concept that language is the same as culture. I do not agree with this concept because I believe that culture is carried by the people, not by the language.
Abstract: Until the bill passed, much of the debate surrounding the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors, or DREAM Act, brought about legal, ethical, and logistical concerns. Illegal immigration and the population unauthorized alien in the United States were key issues in the ongoing debate on immigration reform. However, the benefits of this bill outweighed its disadvantages. Immigration policies in the United States concerning undocumented workers are strict and direct. Employers are not allowed to employ illegal or undocumented immigrants. The DREAM Act which was enacted by the Obama administration’s announcement of deferred action for deportation of undocumented youths provides alternates. Under the provision of this law, a person is eligible for citizenship if they came to the United states at age 15 or younger, are currently 35 or younger, have been resent in the country for at least five years, completed high school, and completed at least two years of higher education or honorably served in the armed forces for at least two years (Guzman & Jara, 2012). The advantages of Dream Act as well as its disadvantages on the US economy would be analyzed. Future analysis and other immigrant working situations would also be evaluated.
Scholar, Gloria Anzaldúa, in her narrative essay, “How To Tame A Wild Tongue’, speaks her many experiences on being pressured on what language to use. She then expresses how the discrimination made her to realize the ugly truth--that people reject languages that aren’t their own. She adopts logos, ethos and pathos in order to appeal toward her audience who is anyone who is not bilingual. One of the perspectives she takes on in her piece clearly expresses the relationship between language and identity and how it creates a conflict between her and the world.
Over centuries we have seen the amount and complexity of languages all across the globe reduced. If this trend continues, we could see the number of world languages potentially reduced from 6,000 to 600 in the future. Colonization and urbanization has led to the abolishment of languages spoke by smaller and less dominant civilizations. McWhorter uses the Native Americans in North America and the Aboriginal
Linguistic imperialism is a concept used by scholar Robert Phillipson, he mostly spoke about the imperialism of the English language, although this concept can be applied to all the world’s major international languages with imperialistic origins, when the original population had to adopt the invader’s language because of the benefits that accrue to the speakers of the languages when the dominant language has been imposed (Phillipson 31). Linguistic imperialism in Latin America started with the ‘discovery’ and the occupation of the New World by the European powers. Spanish and Portuguese language were imposed on the local populations and therefore many indigenous languages vanished. This essay will especially focus on Brazil and the