The Counterculture Movement In The 1960's

The promotion of drugs in counterculture music, such as marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), was in part inspired by Beat poetry as a way to deviate from convention. For Ginsberg, drugs provided a higher level of consciousness for inspiration. He believed that his duty as a poet was “to bring a visionary consciousness of reality to his readers” or an alternative understanding and interpretation of what reality was (Charters). The Beatles, known for their experimentation with a wide variety of musical styles, began to use drugs as a part of their creative process during the counterculture movement. “Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds,” one of their most popular songs from their album, Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club, exemplifies the surreal aspects of drug

Drugs were often promoted in songs during the 1960’s. Many artists experimented with drugs in order to become more creative and influential. The most popular example is the Beatles. At the beginning of their career, the Beatles were more of a rock band then any other genre; however, after Bob Dylan introduced them to the drug Cannabis in 1964, their music began to become more mellow and contemplative. John Lennon admitted in an interview that the Song “Strawberry Fields Forever” (Document F), was affected by drug use even though there were not any specific references to the use of drugs in them. The Beatles released more songs were drug use was more evident. Lyrics used in Lucy in the Sky of Diamonds (Document H) were prime examples of this. A woman having “kaleidoscope eyes” and a place “where rocking horse people eat marshmellow pies” are clear examples of the effects of drugs on individuals. Drug use was also evident in the music videos the Beatles created. A Day

The Beatles especially seemed to have songs influenced by LSD, such as Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds and A Day in the Life. Rock music also had no boundaries for who could be popular in the genre, with many artists of many backgrounds gaining popularity. Women like Janis Joplin, African Americans like Jimi Hendrix, and even white British men such as the Beatles all gained popularity. It included everyone. Since there was no disclusion, there were influences from many different backgrounds and musical styles.

Their dissatisfaction with the consumerism values and goals, with the work ethic, and with the dependence on technology (Edgar and Sedwick, 2008) fuelled their belief to set themselves free from this mainstream culture using drugs such as LSD to open their minds and become spiritual and free. Their fashion consisted of floral headbands and clothing, flared jeans and bare feet. In January of 1967, a Human Be-in in Golden Gate Park San Francisco publicised the culture and this lead to the Summer of Love (The Naked Truth……….., 2014). According to Philippa(Toturhunt.com, 2015), this culture has since moved on and developed, in the sense of beliefs, to become what is now known as the rave culture. Which followed on from the hippie culture of listening to music in fields, with spiritual and honing on values that counter the popular culture whilst using recreational drugs to open the mind and push the beliefs of the hippie culture of their predecessors. Rather than psychedelics this new culture used amphetamines such as MDMA and brought together every different kind of person. Either way, drugs have played part in counterculture for a very long time, and it didn 't end at with the hippies.

The Beatles were a very well-known and popular band in the sixties. The use of LSD and other drugs heavily influenced two of their albums, Revolver and Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band. Their first experience with the drug within the band was when John Lennon and George Harrison accidentally took acid in 1965. After their eye opening incident, Lennon and Harrison decided that Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr needed to try it as well because they found that “[they] couldn't relate to them any more. Not just on the one

In the 1960s, Rock ‘n’ Roll was replaced in popularity by other branches of rock such as Acid Rock, Psychedelic Rock and Hard Rock as a hippie counter culture arose, mainly to protest against the Vietnam war. These new forms of rock provided social commentary on the wide range of assassinations and anti-civil rights actions that infested the country, and united those that wanted to end them. They too celebrated anti-authority actions, but now they were used to promote peace and drugs. Americans—mainly college students—were still rebelling against societal constraints, but instead of fighting against the conformity of white suburbia and their parents, they were uniting to fight against U.S. governmental authority. Rock in the 1960s still mainly appealed to the younger generations, but its influence was spreading. Folk Rock (Bob Dylan) was playing in protest, reminding the individuals there that they were fighting for peace, and Psychedelic Rock—which replicated or enhanced the mind altering experience of psychedelic drugs—created a soothing and new atmosphere in the U.S. Music festivals such as Woodstock in 1969 sprung up to promote peace, do drugs, listen to music, and enjoy being alive and young.6 However, this element of extreme partying and pleasure, eventually brought a few stars to early deaths, such as Janis Joplin and Jimi Hendrix. In the

The origins of this movement are what inspired the artists of this time, also the reason for its development. During the era of the flower child, there was impatience and strong feelings among youth. They were looking for freedom from societies expectations. The “hippie culture” took the world by storm with their community living and attraction for spirituality, religion, and sexual freedom. Haight-Ashbury was home to over 100,000 hippies, making it the universal center of the hippie movement. The music accomplished there, became the soundtrack of a lifetime. Haight-Ashbury was the center for psychedelic music because of it use of LSD.

Psychedelics, and drugs in general became such an important part of life during the 60’s that it’s influence was inescapable. Nowhere can this fact be seen more clearly than in the music of the time. The most obvious influence drugs had on music can bee seen in the lyrics. Drug references abound, be it Jimi Hendrix’s “Purple Haze” of marijuana smoke, or the Beatles’ “Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds”, obviously referring to LSD. Even the names of the bands were drug inspired, as Garofalo points out in reference to the Doors: “The group took it’s name from Aldous Huxley’s The Doors of Perception, a book about the liberating aspects of drug use.” Even the music itself was influenced by drugs. Take for example much of the music by the Doors. Their song “the End” is a psychedelic journey in to the world of LSD. The slow beat and “trippy” music in the song was probably created with the use of drugs and hence is better appreciated when heard while on drugs. This is also true of the music of the Grateful Dead, although this can be much more clearly seen in their live performances as opposed to their studio work. Much of their music is geared specifically toward those in the audience who are on drugs. Hearing one of their 30 minute jams is a much different experience on drugs, and that is the experience that they intended the audience to have. While drugs were very much connected to the music of the sixties,

Let It Be, Strawberry Fields Forever, Revolution, and many other songs by the British rock band, The Beatles, helped shape the counterculture movement. Many songs by The Beatles supported the ideas of rebellion, freedom and drug use. The Beatles were the most popular musical group in the 1960s, and they were loved and idolized by many. They are still considered to be one of the greatest, if not the, greatest musical group ever. Although the Beatles were the most popular and influential rock group of the time, eclectic groups and singers of all different genres helped shape the music scene in the 1960s, such as: Bob Dylan, the Beach Boys, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin and the Who. Music by all of these artists “reflected the new sexual permissiveness and drug trends” (The American Experience 2). In 1969, a music festival called “Woodstock” was put together. It lasted for over three days and around 500,000 people came to listen to the music. Artists like the Grateful Dead, Jimi Hendrix, and Janis Joplin. The majority of the people that attended the festival were hippies. Hippies wore loose clothing, for the most part advocated drug use, and promoted peace and love. Woodstock showcased a moment in time where an entire generation became empowered and realized that they needed to break away from the status quo. Music had a huge influence on the baby-boomer generation and the counterculture of the 1960s as a whole.

“I stumbled upon the philosopher’s stone, I had the veil of illusion pulled back, and was confronted by the levels of energy and many realms of consciousness which were available to man. I opened the Pandora’s box of multiple realities.”- Timothy Leary. Timothy Leary was a huge influence to the acid movement. He was formally a psychiatrist, but believe d that psychedelic drugs could help patients with disorders such as anxiety, depression, mood swings. He is important to the 60’s. He plays a key role in psychedelic rock because he was very involved in the whole scene. No other music could make you feel the way psychedelic rock can. It’s as if the music just flows right through your body, taking you to places you’ve never been inside your mind,

The Hippie Counter Culture began in 1960. The hippie era was influenced more by personal happiness in which books, music, and fashion followed as result of their personification of a blissful society. Hippies did not care what others thought of them and their motto was “if it feels good, do it”. Hippies were seeking a utopian society. They participated in street theater and listened to psychedelic rock. As part of their culture they embraced more open sexual encounters amongst each other in their community and believed in use of psychedelic drugs which consisted of marijuana and LSD. The fashion choice that hippies dressed in was due to set them apart from the mainstream society. They choose to buy their clothing from thrift shops and flea markets (Haddock, 2011). Clothing choices are described as “brightly colored, ragged clothes, tie-dyed t-shirts, beads, sandals (or barefoot), and jewelry” (Haddock, 2011, para 7). Hippies also referred

Many psychedelic bands came from San Francisco’s Haight-Ashbury district. The Grateful Dead was one of the most popular psychedelic rock bands ever. Although they did not sell many records, they were very well known for their live performances, and their music was often used as a soundtrack for LSD parties. While the Bay area, and especially the Haight-Ashbury, was good for producing great bands, there was a downside as well. Other than the many people dying LSD related deaths, many of the early bands were exploited by the record companies. The record companies wanted to profit from the hippy movement, but they did not like their music. Some producers were paid specifically to change a band’s original sound into a more popular sound, such as

The hippies, a group of young free-spirited, peace-loving, drug-obsessed individuals, who changed the way of life in the 60’s. They had a lasting impact on music, lifestyles, love, relationships and many more. that has carried on into modern society. The counterculture during the Summer of Love was an American revolution that would change the ways people lived for generations long after the hippies of the Summer of Love. This group of people believe in living one's life the way they wanted it to be lived without having to follow the “norms” of society. Peace, love, giving, and drug use were some of the their practices they are still remembered for.

Music in the 1960’s took a major turn. Psychedelic drugs began to influence bands and songwriters, resulting in a wide variety of new genres. Some of the popular bands included Pink Floyd, the Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, Janis Joplin, and the Beatles. In 1969, the small town of Woodstock in upstate New York hosted a three day event known throughout the world as The Woodstock Festival: An Aquarian Exposition: 3 Days of Peace and Music. Thirty two artists performed in front of an audience of 500,000 people. This event was highly influential and considered by many as one of the greatest moments in music history. Throughout three days, the bands listed above, and more played and young hippies gathered, listening to the music, experiencing sexual and drug influenced days.

As this movement continued to gain momentum, pop music icons the Beatles began to use LSD as a way to help their artwork gain some depth. Their later studio albums reflected this, with the use of experimental sounds and instruments, such as the sitar or the synthesizer. These later tracks illustrate how popular music can shift in response to the increase in a specific drug use directly, in that a popular music band actually did change in musical style after experimenting with the drug. When the mass media became aware of how large of a movement psychedelic rock is, it became popular in pop music as well as in the subculture that actually used the drugs. The psychedelic movement is now recognized as one of the most important movements in American popular music history.