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The Conversation Of Neanderthals

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The archaeological record is consistent with Neanderthals withdrawing southward into warmer refuges and dwindling in numbers, before more or less disappearing altogether. Fully modern humans furnished with modern human behavior moved those parts of Europe that had already been essentially evacuated by Neanderthals, with stratigraphic gaps, often of a few millennia or more, at sites where the conversion is well proved. Indeed, Neanderthals lasted in southern Iberia until around 30,000 BP, long after fully modern humans had moved into northern Spain by around 40,000 BP (Gilligan, 2007).

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