Introduction
The Waitutu Forest is located in Fiordland, New Zealand and is home to one of the finest native lowland forest spreads in New Zealand. This area was subject to lots of controversy during the 1970s to 1980s with many rallying for the conservation of the forest. This forest now has formal protection from logging and is conserved by the Department of Conservation. . The forest is a national treasure, not only being the largest area of land of unmodified lowland forest in the country but also home to a wide range of native and endangered wildlife, such as the South Island kaka and yellowhead/mohua. In order to protect the forests effectively and have an understanding of the health of the forest, conservationists need a sound understanding sapling growth and what the relationships between different variables are.
In this forest there are many types of trees that fall into three main categories, sub-canopy (small trees), broadleaf forest trees and podocarp forest trees. There are three main stages of the tree’s life cycle, seedling, sapling and adult stages. The most growth occurs in the seedling and sapling stages of life. In this study I will be focusing trees in the Waitutu Forest in the sapling stage of life. In this report, a tree is defined as a sapling when the trees are taller than 1.35 metres in height above the forest floor.
My purpose is to see whether there is any relationship between the height of saplings in the Waitutu Forest and the diameter at
Describe in your own words what is unique about the Extended Rotation with Commercial Thinning treatment.
The topography of the island is also of note. The west end of the island features a closed-canopy forest with more hardwood trees. The east end of the island is better characterized as a “boreal forest,” a term used to describe regions that are mostly covered by coniferous forests. It is good to note that the balsam fir is found on both ends of the island, but that samples used in the study from the west end of the island were, on average, older, but shorter, than those samples found on the east side of the island.
Please record the address of the property where the samples were collected, or—even better—provide GPS coordinates). You will bring these leaves to the college and will identify the trees they came from using accepted scientific methodology. I will give you guidance in how to identify the tree species. (Note that this may involve meeting outside of class time). You will then write a paper, using the same format as your regular lab report, on the identity of the trees, whether they are native to our area or not, and discuss why they might be growing where you found them. Your paper will be reviewed and you will have the option to either accept the grade given, or correcting any problems found. If problems are corrected, your grade will be raised to the maximum and your paper submitted for possible publication online at www.saturnjournal.org. This will be worth 10 bonus points. 3. Extra exam credit. There will be four bonus points available on each of the two lab practicals, and five bonus points on the final lecture exam, for a total of thirteen bonus points. Total bonus points available = 30. When added to your lowest qualifying exam grade, this equates to a maximum of six (6) points added to your final course average. EXAM POLICY: A. Repeating exams. Please note that each exam may be taken once only. Exams may not be repeated because you are not happy
Every forest has a story to tell. By looking closely at its habitants, that story can be interpreted. Much of this narrative is written in the trees: their age, their tolerance to shade, and the rate at which they grow are all characteristics that can imply a lot about their environment. Exploring these relationships and how they connect with each other can indicate the health and history of the land. Heiberg Forest, located in northern New York, was once used for agricultural purposes in the 1800-1900’s. (Nowak, Lecture Notes) Much of the land once used for farming was left to regrow back into a young forest. The life history of different tree species can be determined by examining the most common species in Heiberg.
On September 17th, 2015 our group went on the Orange Trail of the State Botanical Garden of Georgia in Athens, Georgia to collect data for our lab. The biome of this area that we explored fit a temperate deciduous forest type. We walked along the trail and picked random spots to start measuring our transects. We measured DBH size and canopy coverage at 10, 20, 30, and 40 meters respectively along each transect for a total of six transects. We used a densitometer to measure the percent of canopy coverage of the tree closest to the center of the sampling points along each of the transects. We used a measuring tape to measure out 10, 20, 30, and 40 meters respectively along each of the six
To see the differences of the two sites, basal area, density, species richness, and the Shannon diversity index were used. Basal area and density is the average amount of space of trees in hectares. Basal area is taken using the tree diameters while density uses the number of trees. Species richness is the number of species found. Abundance of each species is used to find the Shannon diversity index. The Sorensen similarity index compares the areas based on the number of the same species. Also, different species were looked at to find the relative basal area, relative density, and importance value of the trees. There were differences and similarities in both
Used navigation device to find the longitudes and latitudes to the location of the sweetgum and black oak tree. Took pictures twice a week of the trees changes over the weeks and Observation the process of leaves changes and leaves falling from the weather conditions. The data we gather will be Compare from previous data from Project
Based on the current conditions of the area, we hypothesis that tree survivability will be highest in elevations above 3,000 feet and below 3,300 feet, highest in slopes between 0 - 45 degrees, and highest in aspects between 0 - 33 degrees. Tree survivability will also be highest in area with the best soil, water quality, and forest health conditions for successful tree sapling growth.
Here in this laboratory experiment, we investigated the differences between an old growth (late-successional) forest and a young (early-successional) forest. We measured the basal area of systematically selected trees,
old trees, small trees and shrubs. The timber volume of about 19 billion cubic meters,
In the chapter First the Forests in the book Forests: The Shadow of Civilization by Robert Harrison, used Greek mythology and modern day philosophers to connect how forests interact through civilization. The popular themes in this chapter plays along Vicos theory of the intuitional order with the quotation “This was the order of human institutions: first the forests, after that the huts, then the villages, next the cities, and finally the academies” (Pg.11). In the epic of Gilgamesh the first antagonist was the forest. This emphasized how the forest was wild and dangerous. The Greek god Artemis would roam in the forest hiding in the shadows of the trees. The forest is a place of wild and of disorder. Actaeon went to the forest and saw Artemis
After conducted our research, this hypothesis proved to be incorrect. In the pre-settlement ecosystem, there were eight different species evaluated, however, in our research fifteen species could be accounted for. White Cedars were prominent in the pre-settlement ecosystem with a relative frequency of 35.8 while American Elms only had a relative frequency of 1.9. Although the frequencies of the species in the pre-settlement ecosystem appear to be higher, that doesn’t make the location more diverse. The area we evaluated was populated with numerous species, a characteristic crucial to forested areas. In addition, the total basal area for the pre-settlement system was 94.4 percent, a 5.57 percent difference from our 99.97 basal area
The Forest Unseen shows how nature has a beauty on a much smaller scale than what is seen on the larger spectrum of life. Haskell studied a square meter in the forest for an entire year to examine the smallest of details to show how when the large scale is studied there are many things happening in the small scale. The Forest Unseen allows readers to see how much beauty there is beyond what meets the eye. He consistently supports his main themes throughout the book by citing specific examples. Haskell’s endeavor to discover the beauty of the environment is successful in that he uses scientific and poetic language to draw the reader into his study as he explains his day to day experiences in the forest.
The affect of environmental issues occur everyday and in particular deforestation is becoming a highly ranked subject. From animals to the human race, the alacrity of trees that are cut down affects every individual in a variety of ways. Not only do people need to help the planet but they need to help themselves and further generations to come, such as children and grandchildren because these natural resources that are being taken away from society are as well shaping the future. For comprehensible reasons, forests use to make up the world, until man made creatures started to destroy and destruct the most important supply to human kind which are trees. Trees are crucial to every living entity for the reason of providing oxygen to all.
Forests serve as “storehouses” of biodiversity, and deforestation destroys the habitat for thousands of different species (Ogundele & Adebisi, 2016 p-21). Many Nigerian trees, shrubs, and animals are endangered while some have been depleted.