The Commerce Clause in Article 1, Section 8 states that Congress has the power to regulate interstate commerce itself as well as the power to regulate local commerce if that local commerce has a substantial economic effect on interstate commerce. When Congress regulates an intrastate activity, there is a test that is used by the Supreme Court that determines whether Congress actually has the right to regulate this intrastate activity with some sort of economic effect. The Commerce Clause test is one that also goes on to explain that it is not just about one instance where if there is a substantial economic effect on interstate commerce, but as a whole having a substantial economic effect. Also, if the activity does deal with interstate commerce that has an economic effect, then Congress has the ability to regulate wages and any other instance of activity which includes all workers even if the workers do not produce the commerce. Section 1001 of the PSA states Congress’ intention to “establish a nationwide program to protect the public from the adverse effects of tainted and contaminated pharmaceutical products.” Section 5001 of the PSA establishes licensing and pharmaceutical production education requirements for “individuals employed by any pharmaceutical producer” and sets maximum hours such individuals can work. One could then argue that the Supreme Court is allowed to say that Section 5001 of the PSA is within Congress’ power to set maximum hours and make people
The Judicial Branch has also exerted is power to check the other branches and keep the balance
“The Constitution devotes the national domain to union, to justice, to defense, to welfare and to liberty” (Maier 154). This quote, stated by William Henry Seward, displays the strength and stability that the Constitution had over the nation, and the liberty and justice it supplied for all of its citizens. Although the Constitution and the Articles of Confederation have similarities, they have many differences, which proved that the Articles of Confederation were a weaker document in comparison. It can be said that the Articles were the “rough draft” to the final living document, which significantly influenced and “ruled” our government, as it still does today.
After the Revolutionary War, the newly formed United States still had a major task ahead of them. They had to form a new government that would satisfy the demands of the people and ensure the success of their nation. The Articles of Confederation was the first system of government that was proposed and put into effect. This attempt at creating a system that protected the people form a strong central government ultimately failed but was an important step in the development of the current government system. The weaknesses presented by the Articles of Confederation helped lead to reforms that made the Constitution successful. Both the Articles and the Constitution demonstrate the struggles that the colonists went through with the British and
The Confederation act of 1867 without question has had a major influence on the status of contemporary Canada. It has helped shape Canada into one of the worlds most politically and economically powerful countries; a country that is strong, independent, and united. There was a series of events which led to the confederation of Canada, some which are more significant than others. However, I believe that despite the significance of events such as the British encouragement of uniting its North American colonies, the central and key reason for confederation was the fear of potential American (Yankee) inhabitance (whether by persuasion or invasion) of the divided and vast British North American colonies, and the way that the “Fathers of
The Constitution was designed to enforce the regulation of power between the three branches of government. Though there were many clauses stating the powers of the branches of government, it was often unclear of the original intent they were meant to serve. One of these blurred clauses is stated in Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3 of the constitution.
Thomas Jefferson, Chief John Ross, and Fredrick Douglas are names that share a common link in American ideals, history, and their temperament to shape American society. Ideas of: The rights of state governments and People vs the federal government, immutable liberties for Indigenous Americans, and abolition of slavery are issues among America’s earliest problems after the ratification of the declaration of independence in 1776. In 1776, The fledging nation was without a government so they enacted the Articles of Confederation, in 1781 – which gave states the right to legislate over themselves. For 10 years this system was imposed until the Constitution was finally drafted in 1787. The constitution was at odds with federalists as they did not want a single governing body because it felt too monarchical. Among these believers in state ruled policies was Thomas Jefferson, who became a well-known anti-federalist.
“The Commerce Clause provides Congress with the power to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations and the several States”. (Jennings 2015) Many companies involved in the business of trade are affected by the commerce clause in some form or fashion. One of the most common affect
With the United States new found independence from Great Britain, its founding fathers realize from their historical experiences that a document of law needed to be crafted and established to preserve its new found independence, while maintaining order. However, the first document crafted by the founding fathers, the Articles of Confederation, did preserve the country new found independence but it did not maintain order. The Articles of Confederation described by many founding fathers to be a document that was crafted to satisfy needs of every state for its ratification, even when the document did not present a responsible democracy. The Articles of Confederation granted all national powers to the congress; however, it allowed each state
The U.S. Constitution and the Declaration of Independence are two very important documents in the founding of our nation. This essay compares how these two documents are linked together, but also how they are clearly different. Though both documents were created near the same time, the Declaration of Independence was actually written first. It was written by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by congress on July 4, 1776, what we know today as Independence Day. The U.S constitution though, was not adopted until eleven years later in 1787. After these two documents were written, Thomas Jefferson wrote a letter to the Danbury Baptists in 1801.
In 1994, three countries formed the world’s largest free trade zone. This free trade zone was called The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This organization was founded by Canada, the United States, and Mexico. The main goals of the agreement was to strengthen the special bond of friendship and cooperation among each other’s nations; and to create, expand, and secure future market opportunities and business. NAFTA is not lead by one nation, so one country does not make all of the decisions; it is actually a combined effort of Canada, the United States, and Mexico. NAFTA has several headquarters and branches all over Canada, the United States, and Mexico. NAFTA is funded through each of the countries government; this is mainly
The international trade sector of the U.S. economy continues to draw attention in economic and political circles. It is true that, the international market has become increasingly important as a source of demand for U.S. production and a source of supply for U.S. consumption. Indeed, it is substantially more important than is implied by the usual measures that relate the size of the international sector to the overall economy. This paper explores the role international trade now plays in the U.S. economy and answers the important questions for economic policy: How does international trade affect economic well-being? Who gains and who loses from free
Mercantilism was a sixteenth-century economic philosophy that maintained that a country's wealth was measured by its holdings of gold and silver (Mahoney, Trigg, Griffin, & Pustay, 1998). This recquired the countries to maximise the difference between its exports and imports by promoting exports and discouraging imports. The logic was transparent to sixteenth-century policy makers-if foreigners buy more goods from you than you buy from them, then the foreigners have to pay you the difference in gold and silver, enabling you to amass more treasure. With the treasure acquired the realm could build greater armies and navies and hence expand the nation’s global influence.
International trade is defined as trade between two or more partners from different countries in the exchange of goods and services. In order to understand International trade, we need to first know and understand what trade is, which is the buying and selling of products between different countries. International Trade simply is globalization of the world and enables countries to obtain products and services from other countries effortlessly and expediently.
In today’s America, international trade is a crucial part of the U.S. economy. In 2012 U.S. exports of services exceeded U.S. imports of services by $196 billion. Efficient production of various goods requires different technologies and certain endowments of resources, and not all nations have the same level of technological expertise and resources (McConnell, 2015). Trade deals allow countries to benefit from the technology and resources of other countries. The Trans Pacific Partnership also known as TPP is a proposed trade deal and would be the biggest of its kind. Originally TPP had both support of democrats and republics during the Obama administration with little opposition, but recently the TPP has been a hot-button issue in the 2016 presidential election. Donald Trump, being one of the biggest critics of TPP called it unfair and a potential disaster for our country that would cost American jobs. Donald Trump isn’t the only presidential candidate opposed to TPP though; Hillary Clinton has said that TPP could lose American jobs to the manipulations that countries particularly in Asia have engaged in. While many politicians have concerns for TPP, an in depth look at the trade deal from both sides of the argument will help identify many issues with TPP; both good and bad. This examination of the Trans-Pacific Partnership is an attempt to answer two basic questions about TPP; those questions being:
Trade agreements are usually entered to by participating countries in an effort to simplify and encourage the movement of goods and services across borders. The countries entering the agreement often do so in an effort to get favorable conditions for themselves which are likely to boost their gains when trading with other countries and protect their interests. Trade agreements, however, are not all about trade. They often have other elements which are aimed at strengthening the participating countries in all ways. Trade agreements, for example, foster international cooperation. Countries that have come together to form trade unions are to abide by some common rules. The World Trade Organization (WTO), for instance, has a set of rules of which the participating countries are required to follow in an effort to govern relationships. If a country fails to honor them, financial investments are taken out and directed elsewhere which in turn affects the country’s economy. In this regard, countries within a trade agreement work together in other aspects that do not relate to trade in an effort to ensure their stability. International cooperation promotes peaceful co-existence and world peace in general and is a residual element of trade agreements.