Historical Background
Throughout the 1980’s, Lebanon was engulfed in a brutal civil war that was waged between the government and different rebel factions. Hezbollah, a fundamentalist Shia militant group allied with the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), was one of the major forces fighting against the Lebanese government. With Ronald Reagan as acting president of the United States, he made an effort toward stabilizing the Area by sending peacekeeping forces to Beirut. In retaliation to this involvement, a suicide bomber drove a truck into a military barracks, killing 241 peacekeepers on October 23, 1983. 21 suspects were detained in suspicion of being involved in the planning of the attack; Hezbollah, in retaliation, began to kidnap American and western individuals, demanding the release of these men along with other outrageous concessions. Meanwhile, only a few countries away, the newly formed Islamic Republic of Iran was at war against its secular neighbor, Iraq. Prior to the Iranian Revolution, America had close relations with Iran’s former leader, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and supplied the regime with American made military equipment. The new Iranians leaders, however, had begun to exhaust these munitions from its war with Iraq, requiring more weapons and spare parts in order to effectively thwart the advances by Saddam Hussein’s army. The United States however, had vowed neutrality, stating they would not sell arms to the belligerents of the war. In the
Iran has always, it seems, been the breeding ground for some kind of political upheaval or another. In recent times, back in 1979, there was a major revolution which was, in some ways, similar to the revolution we are seeing today. The people were angry and they were tired of being controlled by the government that was in power. They had concrete ideals and were incredibly passionate about their revolution. The revolution Iran is experiencing today does not appear to be quite as passionate and does not appear to maintain a belief in any real solid political system. They just know they want something different. In the following paper we present an illustration of the current revolution that is taking
IN 1978, as the fever for upset swelled, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini called from outcast in Iraq for Iranians to launch priests from their work places. Shirin Ebadi, then 31 years of age and Iran's first female judge, went along with her partners in storming the workplace of the clergyman of equity. He wasn't there. Rather, the adolescent activists discovered an old judge sitting behind a work area and gazing at them in shock.
From the year 1990-1991, there was an important war called the Persian War. Nationwide, there were 2,322,000 people who served in this war. Today, there are still 2,244,583 living veterans of this war. The Persian war was a very important war in history. This was the first major nationwide war to take place after The Cold War was over, even though it didn’t last near as long.
Once upon a time, in a mountainous land between Baghdad and the Sea of Caviar there lived a nobleman. This nobleman, after a lifetime of carping at the way the kingdom was run, became Chief Minister of the realm. Within a few months he had the whole world hanging on his words, his deeds, his jokes, his tears, and his tantrums. His personal behavior, which included wearing pajamas for numerous public appearances; speeches to the Majles (Parliament) from his bed, which was brought into its chambers. Frequent spells of public weeping, helped focus world attention upon him during his premiership. Yet, his people loved all that he did, and cheered him to the echo whenever he appeared in the
The Persian Gulf started with the Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein ordering an invasion on Kuwait after accusing them of stealing oil from a neighboring border. This lead to fellow powers like Saudi Arabia and Egypt asking the United States to step in and help them fight against Iraq. Husein started to pose a threat against the United States National Security so the US sent massive air troops known as Operation Desert Storm. This was the beginning of the Persian war.
On March 30, 1981 John Hinckley Jr shot at the Then-President of the United States, Ronald Reagan, as he walked from the Washington Hilton Hotel to his limo. The President was hit in the armpit and two of his guards were also shot as well as his aide. President Reagan went into a 2-Hour surgery and survived the attempt on his life with a couple of scars. April 18, 1983 in Beirut, Lebanon, a man drove a truck into the US Embassy and detonated about 2,000 pounds of explosives. Instantly killing 63 people, including 13 American CIA operatives. Just a year before this brutal attack the military forces of the United States of America and some European nations stepped in to help the Lebanese government with the third part of their Civil War. The Lebanese Hezbollah and the Islamic Jihad Organization expressed a strong dislike for the American and Israeli forces on the outskirts of Beirut. The Islamic Jihad Organization later claimed responsibility for the bombing. In the aftermath of the attack the Then-Secretary of State George Shultz tasked a team with making sure that the overseas embassies were safe. Their result was the State Department’s Bureau of Diplomatic Security and Diplomatic Security Service. On June 14, 1985 two gunman board a
We had many revolutionary wars that shaped our world into becoming what it is today. The Persian Wars were one of those unforgettable events that inspired not only our military structure but government as well. The Persian Wars lasted for almost half a decade from 498 BCE to 448 BCE between the Persian Empire, of course, and Greek poleis. The war was centered around expanding the Empire of Persia as it claimed and took over land within battle and then ruling it as one while making a profit from it. Most of what we know about the Persian wars was written by Herodotus, who was born 484 BCE and gives us our primary source of what really took place during that time.
During the Islamic Revolution in the Iranian country, education was essential to the people. Shah wanted the Western education because he believed that it was best for the Iranian people. Most of the women were involved in the demonstration of wearing the veil has some western education. The Islamic revolution wanted things to go back to the original Islamic culture. Based on the Complete Persepolis, in 1979, a revolution took place and later called “The Islamic Revolution”. This is the period they were forcing people to do what they don’t want to do. The women were also forced to wear the veil including the school girls. Being Educated will help to change a country, especially in undeveloped countries. When people are getting a quality education it will make life easier for them. Being educated is the most achievement anyone can make in their lifetime. The more education you have, the more knowledge you gain to solve a problem in any situation you have encountered. In Marjane’s life education makes her to have confidence and satisfaction in everything she has done. The people should encourage education, in our societies.
Israel was not the only foreigner in Lebanon. The United Nations also, had French and American soldiers stationed in Lebanon as UN peacekeepers (Byers, 2003). This did not, please Hezbollah, who wanted all foreigners off Lebanese soil. On April 18, 1983, Hezbollah finally struck. A Hezbollah operative drove an explosive laden van into the U.S. embassy in Beirut, Lebanon killing sixty-three individuals (Byers). Encouraged by this success Hezbollah then struck again on October 23, 1986, using suicide bombers in vehicles to blow up both the U.S. Marine Barracks and the French Paratroop Barracks, killing 241 Americans and 58 French. By, February 26, 1984, just four months after the devastating attack on the Marine Barracks the United States pulled its forces out of Lebanon (Byers).
The Iranian Revolution Iran is a country located in the Middle East. The main source of income for the country is oil, the one object that had greatly influenced its history. Iran 's present government is run as an Islamic Republic. A president, cabinet, judicial branch, and Majilesor or legislative branch, makes up the governmental positions. A revolution that overthrew the monarch, which was set in 1930, lasted over 15 years.
were chosen by God to set up a state of Israel where they could not be
A revolution is a mass movement that intends to violently transform the old government into a new political system. The Iranian Revolution, which began in 1979 after years of climax, was an uprising against the Shah’s autocratic rule resulting in much religious and political change. Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi made efforts to remove Islamic values and create a secular rule and “westernize” Iran through his White Revolution. In addition, his tight dictatorial rule and attempts at military expansion felt threatening to the people, who desired a fairer governmental rule immensely influenced by Islam. Afterwards, governmental affairs became extremely influenced by Islamic traditions and law which created changes religiously and politically
The emergence of the Islamic Republic in late 1970’s Iran demonstrates how middle class Iranian people purged themselves of the Pahlavi Dynasty in an effort to continue down a more righteous and egalitarian path. As a result, the country underwent a complete social upheaval and in its place grew an overtly oppressive regime based in theoretical omnipotence. In response to this regime, the very structure of political and social life was shaken and fundamentally transformed as religion and politics became inexorable. As a result, gender roles and the battle between public and private life were redrawn. Using various primary and secondary sources I will show how the Revolution shaped secular middle class Iranians. Further, I will show how the
While the Iran-Iraq War during the 1980's may have permanently altered the course of progress in Iran and Iraq, the war also altered the resulting permanent involvement of the rest of the world in the middle-east. The rich and complicated history in Iraq has established numerous cultural and ethnic traditions that all play a part in where the country is today. The Iran-Iraq War brought into focus some of those traditions and how they conflicted, while also bringing Iraq and its economic situation into the spotlight. Being on top of some of the most mineral rich soil in the world makes Iraq a major contributor to the world's economy through petroleum and crude oil exports. This, among other reasons, ties nations
Various factors influenced the 1979 Iranian revolution, but at the core of this significant event was Islamic fundamentalism. The Iranian religious leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, led this movement to end the thirty-seven-year reign of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, also known as the Shah of Iran (Diller 1991, p.152). The revolution was a combination of mounting social, economic, political and religious strains. The nation of Iran was never colonized, unlike some of its bordering countries, making its people intolerant of external influences. The Shah had gradually westernized and secularized his country, creating a strong American presence that was being felt