Effects Of Race Riots On Urban African Americans

killed than the amount of people being killed in the Chicago race riots. Fighting was happening all over our country. We were killing one another because of the hatred towards racism. “The Red Summer of 1919 refers to a series of race riots that took place between May and October of that year. Although riots occurred in more than thirty cities throughout the United States, the bloodiest events were in Chicago, Washington D.C. and Elaine, Ark.” (Retreived from the About Education website : http://afroamhistory.about.com/od/segregation/p/The-Red-Summer-Of-1919.htm). The riots lasted for about 5 months in 1919. That is almost half of the year of killing, shooting, and fighting. There wasn’t any sign of peace. All that needed to happen was for a law to be set of not making any type of racial decision or comment towards anyone. Twenty-five race riots occurring in one summer is a case that had to be solved quickly. Nobody was willing to take action like Martin Luther King did in the 1950’s and 60’s towards stopping segregation and racism. (Retreived from the biography website : http://www.biography.com/people/martin-luther-king-jr-9365086).

Though sparked by the Rodney King verdict, there were many other causes of the riots that erupted on the streets of Los Angeles on April 29, 1992. The Los Angeles riots in 1992 were devastating. The obvious issue portrayed through the media was black versus white. If you did not live in Los Angeles or California chances are you did not hear full coverage of the story, you heard a simple cut and dry portrayal of the events in South Central. If you heard one thing about the riots, it was that there was a man named Rodney King and he was a black male beaten with excessive force by four white Los Angeles police officers on Los Angeles concrete. The media portrayed the riots as black rage on the streets due to the

Today we live in a society where it is acceptable for a white and black family to be neighbors, even close friends. This situation has not always been the case. During the 1950’s, the time that the Younger family was living in Chicago, whites and blacks were living completely separate lives and a majority of the blacks were living in poverty. Although there are significant improvements we have made, there are still things that remain the same. Many African Americans in Chicago today are still living in poverty, just like they were over 50 years ago. Two important changes have occurred during these years. Our race relations between whites and blacks have improved tremendously. Today it is completely acceptable for two different colored families to be living next door to each other. The second significant change is not as positive. The homicide rates per 100,000 people have gone up by almost 10 times the amount it was in the 50’s. Many sociologist believe that the cycle of multigenerational poverty causes violence in the mostly black communities, therefore raising the homicide rates. Even though as a city we have improved our race relations there are still problems such as the rising homicide rates and percent of people living in poverty.

The Columbia Race Riot was best known for being the first major confrontation following World War II. It’s a story of anger, fear, violence, and the law in a Tennessee town. The riot began with a 19 year old black navy veteran, James Stephenson and a white repairman. Their fight was over a botched radio repair. James Stephenson escaped being lynched in Columbia, Tennessee. The story had articles that were publish by Africans American and all white publishers. The newspaper articles from the publishers had many differences, but also had many similarities. The Nashville Globe by African Americans publishers and the Columbia Daily Herald by White Publishers caught my eye first. What similarities did both articles have? What differences did both articles have? After extensive research The Columbia Riot played a big role in the fight to freedom for African Americans.

The Elaine Race Riot can be even said as the Elaine massacre that had taken place on September 30, 1919, in Elaine in Phillips County, Arkansas, in the Arkansas Delta. The fight started when around 100 African Americans, commonly black farmers on the farms of white landlords joined a consultation of the Progressive Farmers and the Household Union of America at a church in Hoop Spur, the Phillips County that was three miles north of Elaine. The assembly was managed by Robert Hill; he was the organizer of the Progressive Farmers and the Household Union of America. The main goal of the meeting was that one of the numerous black sharecroppers in the Elaine area during the former months was achieving better payments for their cotton crops from the white farm owners who conquered the area during the Jim Crow’s era.

Imagine forbidden to eat in the same restaurant, study in the same school, pray in the same church, or seek medical treatment in the same hospital as a white. This was Black America in the South during the Jim Crow era. Living under a code of laws created to separate the races and maintain a segregated society. The end of World War I brought a lot of change. Black troops were returning home from Western Europe determined to claim the same democracy for which they had fought. The continuous migration of blacks to the north led to labor conflicts. For the first time, whites had to compete with blacks for jobs. Whites turned their anger and frustration on black neighborhoods spurring racial conflict and spreading terror and fear nationwide. The Red Summer of 1919 featured riots occurring in numerous cities including Washington, DC; Chicago, Illinois; Knoxville, Tennessee; and Indianapolis, Indiana. The Elaine Race Riot of 1919, also known as The Elaine Massacre, was the deadliest racial conflict in Arkansas history and possibly even the United States. A shooting incident occurred while a meeting of the Progressive Farmers and

As you weren't privy to this conversation, I should tell you that the possessive pronoun 'their' in the above quote has a unique antecedent: "white-women". My paternal relative made it his duty to forewarn me about the many evils that waited for me as an adult. To him, the number one threat to black men in the United States aside from living in the United States was and forever shall be white women.

The Chicago Race Riots of 1919 helped to further show how African Americans are looked as inferior, not just within the citizens of the United States, but the Congress and criminal justice system. White and black beaches were separated by an invisible line; the black beach on 25th street and whites on 29th street. The story of Eugene Williams swimming on the beach worsened after a white police officer, Dan Callahan, refused to intervene or arrest the group of white men responsible for his death, in turn starting the deadliest racial violence in Chicago history. The riot lasted a week with protestors full of rage mostly on the South side with white gangs attacking isolated blacks and blacks attacking isolated whites.

The Memphis riots, or more properly massacre, represented the peak of tension between white Southerners and blacks immediately following the

The Civil War was fought over the “race problem,” to determine the place of African-Americans in America. The Union won the war and freed the slaves. However, when President Lincoln declared the Emancipation Proclamation, a hopeful promise for freedom from oppression and slavery for African-Americans, he refrained from announcing the decades of hardship that would follow to obtaining the new won “freedom”. Over the course of nearly a century, African-Americans would be deprived and face adversity to their rights. They faced something perhaps worse than slavery; plagued with the threat of being lynched or beat for walking at the wrong place at the wrong time. Despite the addition of the 14th and

The Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 was the culmination of racial tensions both endemic in American society as a whole in the period, and certain tensions peculiar to Tulsa, Oklahoma. In 1921, Greenwood and its African American population became the outlet for these often violent tensions seething among Tulsa’s white population. The following paper seeks to shed some further understanding on what motivated and pushed the whites of Tulsa, Oklahoma to such a violent, extreme reaction during the riot.

A racially segregated Chicago had experienced few race riots prior to 1919. However, between April 1919 and October 1919, race riots spanned the nation; this became known as the Red Summer. On July 27, 1919, Chicagoans started to express their emotions on racial issues, which turned into violence, lasting several days and resulting in the deaths, injuries, and displacement of hundreds of people. During this time, Chicagoans opinions regarding racism led to extreme chaos, leaving African Americans and whites fighting with each other for wealth and opportunities. The relatively-invisible line between blacks and whites in Chicago became bolder, deepening the rift between the races. As a result of the gruesome events that occurred in the summer of 1919, segregation in Chicago deepened. Chicago city officials created the Chicago Commission of Race Relations, comprised of six whites and six blacks, with the goal of solving large racial issues in Chicago, such as housing for blacks and job competition. Today, Chicago is more desegregated, but it was an arduous journey and is still a work in progress. It is still a predominant issue, and there are many recurring examples of racial violence in Chicago currently. This makes racial inequality an even more important issue in Chicago communities, and the legacy of this racial violence continues to haunt this persistently segregated city.

On 1 May 1866 in the city of Memphis, Tennessee, an altercation between black Union soldiers and Memphis police officers started a chain reaction that eventually brought about what has come to be known as the Memphis Riots of 1866. The group of amicably intoxicated soldiers reacted negatively when told by a small group of officers to break up their party, and although no one was seriously injured, the situation quickly escalated to the point where shots were fired on both sides (Carden 2). This incident, however, was not the cause of the Memphis Riots. Instead, I will argue that the altercation merely served as the spark to set a fire to a whole mess of kindling made of economic, political, and social twigs and branches, which was already in place long before the actual events of the Memphis Riots.

This book review was on the book of Race Riot: Chicago in the Red Summer of 1919. It was a long-term study done by William M. Tuttle, Jr. Its objective was to make a comprehensive documentation of the events of 1919 in Chicago. The book dealt with all aspects and perspectives of the event. The author’s objective was to leave no stone uncovered. That every aspect would be talked about in detail. Some important aspects that he arose throughout the book are going to be the focal point of this book review.

In July 23, 1967, the Detroit Police department busted a bar with a prominent number of African Americans. They arrested every person in the bar. More and more people started to gather on 12th street to watch the proceedings. That is when the rioting started. The crowd began to get more violent as more people joined.