Parties to litigation
The case of Winterburn v Bennett involved the appellants Mr. and Mrs. Winterburn who owned a fish and chip shop in Keighley, West Yorkshire. They had owned a 20-year lease on the property the shop was located until 2007 when they registered as freehold proprietors. They were in dispute with the respondents Mr. and Mrs. Bennett, who owned the carpark and other social facilities on the same land in dispute. The property was bought from the Conservative Club Association (Club) in 2010 and was let to a tenant in 2012, who then obstructed access to the carpark.
If the case had gone against the respondents, the Club would lose valuable space in their car park that allows a greater number of member’s access to the Club. In
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Legal Issues Involved
The central issue is primarily concerned with the steps an owner of a piece of land must take to prevent others using the land without their permission. More specific to this case, whether the signs put up by the respondents were sufficient to prevent the appellants from acquiring an easement by prescription to use the car park for themselves, suppliers and customers, and whether the owners had acquiesced such use as to entitle the appellants to such right. LJ Richards clarifies the ‘appeal is not concerned with pedestrian access but only with parking of cars…’.
To assist in his judgement, LJ Richards reviewed the ratio and relevant case law from both the First-tier Tribunal (FTT) and Upper Tribunal’s (UT) decisions. Judgement in the first instance at the FTT, held the appellants had established their claim to parking rights on acquisition by prescription by ‘lost modern right’. Essentially stating, their legal position to acquire rights depends on whether the appellants could show they had operated as a business, without interruption for no less than twenty years ‘as of right’, that being without force, secrecy, and permission as per the Prescription Act 1832. Also, known as nec vi, nec clam and nec precario, respectively. Nevertheless, the UT allowed the appeal against the FTT’s decision.
However, in the present
The first amendment, which is considered the right to freedom of speech, is a misconception to many. Not all citizens, but some, think that because of the first amendment; they can say whatever they want. Although citizens of the United States have the right to freedom of speech, this freedom of speech is viewed differently by others. Which leads to confusion as to what can be said and what cannot be said. Both court cases: Tinker v. Des Moines, and Bethel v. Fraser involved the confusion and misunderstanding of this first amendment.
This case is about property lease which took place between two parties named Jacek Gnych, Anor (Appellants) and The Polish Club Limited (Respondent).The Respondent holds a club liquor licence under the Liquor Act 2007 (NSW). However,In 2012, the respondent leased part of its licensed premises to the appellants for the running of a restaurant which breached Section 92(1) (d) of the Liquor Act. The appellants started their business on March 2012 after renovating the existing facilities. Later on respondent negotiated with the Appellants about proposed lease and licence but documents that had been drafted were never finalised and signed. As the relationship between parties deteriorated
The Council commenced proceedings in the Land and Environment Court, however they were dismissed by Lloyd J on February16 2005 for want of prosecution [5].
• Whether the transfer of chattels and other personal property attached to the land were not fixtures under the general law definition.
Throughout an 18-hour period on October 26, 1989, the appellant Marc Creighton, a companion Frank Caddedu and the deceased Kimberley Ann Martin consumed a large quantity of alcohol and cocaine. The afternoon of the following day on October 27, the three planned to share a quantity of cocaine at Ms. Martin’s apartment. The evidence and later testimony indicates that all of the members involved are experienced cocaine users. The appellant acquired 3.5 grams (“an eight-ball”) of cocaine; he did not try to determine the quality or potency of the cocaine before injecting it into himself and Frank Caddedu.
obtaining land for public use, but was to prevent harm to the public. The Court
Rinaker vs Superior Court case is a juvenile delinquency proceeding minors, Christopher G. and Huy D, are charged with committing vandalism. Minors were allegedly convicted with throwing rocks at Arsenio Torres’s car. Torres later brought a civil harassment case against the minors, which began the process of mediation in an effort to resolve the civil harassment action.
1.Probable cause is a set of facts surrounding a specific circumstances that leads a “reasonable person” to believe an individual is committing, has committed or is about to commit a crime. Probable cause is required in the instances of an arrest, search and seizure and the issuance of a warrant. To ESTABILISH reasonable cause the officer can use any trustworthy information. For example the office could use his/her experience, informant information, first hand observations or knowledge, victim reports, anonymous tips, or hearsay.
The case of Kusmider v. State, 688 P.2d 957 (Alaska App. 1984), was a state appeal’s court case that addressed the chain of causation for a murder, which had occurred, and the actions of the trial court judge (Brody & Acker, 2010). In this case, the appellant, Kusmider, appealed his conviction for second degree murder, based on the fact that the trial judge did not let him introduce evidence, which may have shown that the victim may have survived his wounds, if not for the actions of the paramedics.
During the 1970’s, Connecticut was a very prosperous state with growing numbers of minorities. Many of these minorities would tend to live in the same neighborhoods which would lead to other races, like whites, leaving an area and moving to a new area away from these minorities. We learned about white flight in The Children in Room E4, but this has been relevant for many decades. These whites may have not moved out of state, but just away from the minority neighborhoods to places like the suburbs. This tended to cause property values to decrease in the minority neighborhoods, making it cheaper for more minorities to move in, but also harder for the minorities to move to areas where white people may be living like the suburbs. With decreased property values beginning to happen, the property taxes were also beginning to decrease. This is what led to the development of the case Horton v. Meskill. Also during this time, the United States was barely a decade old from all of the segregation it had experienced during the 1960’s. the segregation had an influence on why whites were moving away from the minorities, which was causing these public school property tax funding’s to be low. Even though segregation de jure was outlawed at this time, there were still people living by segregation de facto. The people did not realize this at this time in the 1970’s, but it eventually built up momentum and became relevant in the Connecticut court case Sheff v. O’Neill.
2. Possession over land is necessary to sue in trespass, and consists of “the intention to possess the land and the exercise of control over it to the exclusion of others” . Occupying land that has been built on, at the time of the trespass, satisfies this requirement . Therefore, by occupying the buildings on their land, Jim,
As children, we have all stepped that “boundary” between right and wrong. From stealing money to shoplifting to fighting, we have all made our parents frustrated, made poor decisions, and perhaps, even made a egregious mistake. However, when does stepping that “boundary” become irremediable? Can the government punish minors under the same criteria they do with adults? And most importantly, what does the United States Constitution say? These are all questions that both the Missouri Supreme Court and the United States Supreme Court had to consider when they dived into the case of Roper v. Simmons. To provide a little historical
King v. Burwell is a case ruled by the US Supreme Court on June 25, 2015 to confirm health law subsidies. It challenged the legality of subsidies issued by the IRS on behalf of states that used the federal health insurance exchange. Perhaps millions of people who are under the federal exchange are at stake since they could lose their subsidies. Furthermore, the test relied on the meaning of four words in the Affordable Care Act, “exchanges established by the State.” These words imply that state exchanges could issue subsidies, but it did not literally specify that states didn’t establish their own exchange or the ones under the federal exchange. A definite conclusion is that both the state exchange and the federal exchange can have the health
The right to a speedy trial is considered an essential part of the due process applicable against the states because of the decision in the case of Klopfer v. North Carolina (1967) and ultimately the inclusion of it within the fourteenth amendment, that was granted by the doctrine of selective incorporation. In this particular case, the defendant Klopfer appealed to the supreme court because his trial had been postponed to be brought up again in the future when desired. Klopfer claimed that the right to a speedy trial, granted by the Sixth Amendment, should be pertinent to a state’s criminal prosecution due to the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment (Ingram, 2009). The case was examined by the supreme court who ruled that the right to a speedy trial is a crucial basic right, just as the other rights guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment, that has been around for a very long time (Steinberg, 1975).
The case was brought forward to the NSW Supreme Court in 2001 whereby Judge Hulme ordered both Respondents as negligent. This decision was reversed by the Supreme Court of Appeal whereby the judgement was granted in favour of the Respondents. This case affirms the previous decision.