The Canid Genology : Analysis Of The Evolution Of Canids

A. Rus hoelze et al, studied the impact of intense hunting of Northern Elephant Seals in the late 19th century, whose genetic variation reduced due to this bottleneck. This reduced their population size to just about 20. They found that although it has since rebounded to over 30K now but compared to their southern counterparts i.e., Southern Elephant Seals they have much less genetic variation. The Southern Elephant Seals didn’t went through this bottleneck event. It is clear that the genes of Northern Elephant Seals still carrying the marks of this bottleneck.

Arctic fox is the smallest member of canine family. There are 5 subspecies of arctic fox that inhabit tundra throughout the Arctic Circle. Arctic fox can be found in Iceland, Greenland, Northern Europe, Russia, Canada and Alaska. These animals are numerous everywhere, except in Scandinavia. They were overhunted in the past because of their beautiful pelt. Even though arctic foxes are protected by law today, their number still drops due to climate changes and because of the expansion of the range of red fox (it hunts the same prey like arctic fox).

A new genetic observation suggests that red eastern wolves are not true in the "species" of wolves. Scientist say that red wolves are a mix of gray wolves and coyotes. Researchers compared the genome of 23 wild canines in the USA to pure coyotes and Eurasian wolves. This led to them figuring out how much of the animals genetic material came from coyotes or wolves.Red wolves have about 75 percent coyote genes and just 25 percent wolf genes. The new data mean that both red and eastern wolves have mated with coyotes in the past. Gray wolves also have some genes of the coyote. And eastern wolves and red wolves are just as closely related to gray wolves as they are to other animals of their species. That suggests these wolf groups are more related

assessed the paternally inherited y chromosome haplotypes at four different loci in male wolves and coyotes. According to the authors, if hybridization hypothesis was true, these species-specific Y-chromosome haplotypes would have been observed in the eastern wolves. However, these haplotypes were absent in eastern wolves. Their data shows a contrast between the haplogroups associated with coyotes, gray wolves and eastern wolves, suggesting that the genotypes of these species are clearly distinct. These divergent patterns of species-specific Y-chromosome haplotypes strengthen the argument that eastern wolves evolved independent of gray wolves and

Hybridization of species in the wild is both rare and often unsuccessful. The product of hybrids are most often sterile and unfit to survive in the natural world. North America may claim one of the most successful hybrids of this century. The newly discovered “coy wolf” is a mix between two canis species, the western coyote and the eastern wolf. This hybrid is also called the eastern coyote or northeastern coyote. The hybrid did not arise spontaneously. Human’s set up the perfect scenario to create a hybrid from species that would otherwise be allopatric. Humans highly influenced the formation and success of this hybrid. Without human destruction of American ecosystems, the coy wolf may have never walked this Earth.

The article “Taming the Wild” by Evan Ratliff published in the National Geographic is about a scientific study in southern Siberia that is breeding foxes for domestication. The animals in the experiment are specifically picked due to their traits that make them more perceptible to humans. Scientists have been working to evolve them, much like wolves to dogs, and have had fascinating success. Their group of foxes have significant differences from their undomesticated counterparts.

Human-wildlife co-existence is become more and more common due to global environmental changes. The red fox is one of the agilest and adaptive mammals in existence. Over the years, the population of red foxes in North America is gradually increasing. Primarily their habitat is around the Arctic Circle; however, after incidences of glaciation, the change in temperatures necessitated the need to find new habitats. The red fox is also known as Vulpes vulpes has adapted to the urban life and now, it is not uncommon to spot a one or a whole park of red foxes in the North American woods.

Through the reduced numbers of genes passed down to devil, gene flow within Tasmanian devil populations are decreasing. This study suggests that DFTD is the major cause for the loss of genetic diversity within Tasmanian Devils.

The battle itself took the duration of a few days but was one of the most intense and fearsome battles in all of WWII. It took place in North Africa between the Allies (British + Americans) and the Axis (German+ Italian) powers. The battle was called the Battle of El Alamein and it held a high significance since it took place in Alam el Halfa, which is next to the Suez Canal that was the Allies’ main means of transporting and receiving food. This was essentially a last stand for the allies as the German-Italian forces kept advancing and conquering and showed no signs of stopping until all of Africa was under their control. However, they were stopped by the by two major generals- Eisenhower and Montgomery

Whilst red wolves and coyotes have similar features, they are not of the same species; however they do share a common ancestor.

Microsatellite and mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) genetic markers are often used in population genetic studies. Please detail the differences in their mode of inheritance, as well as what types of genetic information that these markers may provide.

For a trisomic cell (when there is 2n+1), this new species would have 27 chromosomes. There could be an extra autosome or an extra sex chromosome.

For this reflection, the focus is to look closer at Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and how it works and what makes it successful.

The speakers were blaring AC/DC’s “For Those About to Rock”, my hands saluting in the air, I was headed to bear lake in my car and was well. Then it happened. A full 900 degree barrel, on the interstate going 80mph. So there I was sitting on the interstate, in the dark, upside-down in my car. The cause of this crash was a simple fluke. My right tire was not inflated and it popped. So when I hit the brakes my car dug into the road and flipped. At this point in my life I had never had something that dramatic happen. For the next week and a half I found glass, in crevices it should never be found.

Recently, DNA testing has been employed to create a genetic database of endangered animal species. Using this information, scientists have even cloned animals.