Scott, Financial Accounting Theory, 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual
Chapter 2
Suggested Solutions to Questions and Problems
1.
P.V. Ltd.
Income Statement for Year 2
Accretion of discount (10% × 286.36)
$28.64
P.V. Ltd.
Balance Sheet
As at Time 2
Financial Asset
Cash
Shareholders’ Equity
$315.00
Opening balance
Net income
$286.36
28.64
Capital Asset
Present value
0.00
$315.00
$315.00
Note that cash includes interest at 10% on opening cash balance of $150.
2.
Suppose that P.V. Ltd. paid a dividend of $10 at the end of year 1 (any portion of year 1 net income would do). Then, its year 2 opening net assets are $276.36, and net income would be:
P.V. Ltd.
Income Statement
For Year 2
…show more content…
To illustrate, the present value of the firm at time 0 is $260.33 and expected net income is $26.03 for year 1. Similarly, the present value of the firm at time 1 is
$236.36 or $336.36 depending on state realization, and expected net income for year 2 is $23.64 or $33.64. In each case the market expects the firm to earn 10% on opening value. This 10% of opening value is accretion of discount.
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Scott, Financial Accounting Theory, 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual
4.
Chapter 2
The procedure here is similar to that used in Question 2. Assume that the good economy state is realized for year 1. Assume also that P.V. Ltd. pays a dividend of, say, $40 at time 1. If the good economy state is also realized in year 2, P.V.’s year 2 net income will then be:
P.V. Ltd.
Income Statement
For Year 2
(good economy in year 2)
Accretion of discount [(336.36 – 40) ×.10]
29.64
Abnormal earnings, as a result of good state realization in year 2 (200 – 150)
50.00
Net income year 2
$79.64
PV’s balance sheet at the end of year 2 will then be:
P.V. Ltd.
Balance Sheet
As at Time 2
Financial Asset
Shareholders’ Equity
Cash (200 - 40 + 200 + 16)
$376.00
Opening balance
$336.36
Less: Dividend end
Capital Asset
0.00
of year 1
40.00
$296.36
Add: Net income
$376.00
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79.64
$376.00
= 5.0% + 8.4% = 13.4%. DCF (Direct Cash Flow) = 13.6 DC+ RP = 12.3
EEC calculated the amount of time involved the anticipation of its cost ($3 million). The timeline in recovering their cost of investment ($2 million) initially for the foundation of this investment any profit made in the future of this investment will be justified as a profit for the company. If EEC can anticipate a fast return on its investment it is a profitable wise decision in making the investment financial, it is considered to be an easier way of formulating investments financially. On the basis of one year all cash flows is added together equal to the sum of $2 million originally invested, then it is divided by the annual cash flow of $500,000. The calculation of the payback period would equal four years. After this time frame any financial proceeds will be considered profitable for the company. I conclude that the timeframe is adequate in comparison of the investment in this worthwhile investment financial venture for the company.
Given that the total profit over 8 years is $1.2375B (or $155M per year for 8 years), we will now compute the Present Value of this amount using the following formula:
A firm has an expected dividend next year of $1.20 per share, a zero growth rate
8. What is the net present value of the following cash flows discounted at 12%?
The machine will have a depreciation of $140,000 for the first five years; this is determined by dividing the initial investment by five. The old machine will be sold in 2010 for $25,000 which is below the current book value of $36,000. This is why there is a capital gain of $3,850 that will add to the incremental savings plus the depreciation for that year. The new sheeter will be sold at the end of the last year for $120,000 which will be taxed at 35; this is why a cost of $42,000 appears for the last cash flow (Exhibit 1). The NPV is a positive $1,063,567 and the IRR is 36%, this shows that the project will add value to the company along with having a great return. The payback period for the project is 2.45…Using the growth rate of 3%, the sales are projected to be nearly doubled from 2009 with the new sheeter. However, Pitts believes that he would not be surprised to see them increase by 7% or
IRR is the rate at which the net present value becomes zero (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013). Additionally, IRR is calculated first by determining the Net Present Value. The Net Present Value is the variance concerning the market value and its cost (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013). Net present value is calculated by first finding the present value. For instance, 21.83 million (year 1 revenue from above) divided by 1 plus the companies rate of return of 12%. Thus, 21.83/(1+.12)= 19.49 is the present value for year 1. Furthermore, by adding the total revenue over the next 5 years we get 21.85+ 28.025+36.875+30.975+23.6=132.325 million is the expected value of revenue. That amount now needs to be placed into the present value equation previously discussed only this time with the exponent of 5 to cover the next 5 years. 132.325/(1+.12)^5=75.08 (rounded). Moreover, if
2. An investor bought 100 shares of Venus Corporation common stock 1 year ago for $40 per share. She just sold the shares for $44 each, and during the year, she received four quarterly dividend checks for $40 each. She expects the price of the
Finally, we come up with the value for the operating after-tax operating cash flows for the next three years and the terminal value. We calculate the present value of these cash flows by discounting by the unlevered cost of capital, rU given as 8.7%, which gives us a value of the unlevered firm of ca. $566m.
over its lifetime less the value of the company’s initial capital investment (lo), NPV is
The change in incremental cash flow can be examined through looking at the factors causing change
The overall method used to calculate the expected value of the net present value of the project is to first calculate the real weighted average cost of capital of the firm, use the
First we need to get the present value of the annuity for the 1,500 semiannual PMTs at year 14
The actual production would begin in the third quarter of this year, therefore only half year’s depreciation should be counted on Equipment and IT communication in 2004 (According to Appendix A). The following years (2005-2008) incremental cash flows are computed by the same method. However as the IT equipment and furnishings would be depreciated on a straight line basis over 3 years, thus in year four (2007), there would be only half a year’s deprecation left and after that it will be used up. The last year’s net cash flow in 2009 should be included the extra terminal Value on that year, which includes 24 years’ residual value on building and one year and a half residual value on equipment totaled $2,990,412 with two assumptions of by using residual book values for the building and operating equipment and there will be no further NWS advantage after year 2009. Finally, by obtaining 6 years’ incremental cash-flows and discounting them back to time zero (with the estimate rate of return by 15%) lessing initial cost to get an appealing NPV of $1190528 (Luehrman, p. 3).
This project evaluates the discounted Net Present Value which shows the estimated cash flow. The cash flow forecast is for 10 year which incorporates International complexities as well as the cost of capital.