Tax Test Answers

11. Capital Accounts can be Negative. Tax Basis can not be Negative so your Tax Basis will be "0", but the Loss can be carried forward under the At-Risk Rules.

A corporation cannot use net operating losses between C corporation years and S corporation years, with the only exception that net operating losses from C corporation years can reduce net recognized built-in gains from S corporation years.

The company should report the change in the contingency accrual as a 2009 event due change in estimate. ASC 250-10-45-17 specifies that “a change in accounting estimate shall not be accounted for by restating or retrospectively adjusting amounts reported in financial statements of prior periods.” Additionally, ASC 450-20-25-7 indicates that “all estimated losses for loss contingencies shall be charged to income rather than charging some to income and others to retained earnings as prior period adjustments”.

25-7 If a loss cannot be accrued in the period when ti is probable that an asset had been impaired or a liability had been incurred because the amount of loss cannot be reasonable estimated, the loss shall be charged to the income of the period in which the loss can be reasonably estimated and shall not be charged retroactively to an earlier period. All estimated losses for loss contingencies shall be charged to income rather than charging some to income and others to retained earnings as prior period adjustments.”

2. What is the effect of the depreciation accounting method change on the reported income in 1984? How will this change affect profits in future years?

Section 360-10-35-17 of the Code states that an impairment loss shall be recognized if the carrying value of a fixed asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. The carrying value of the fixed asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and disposal of the asset. An impairment loss shall be measured by the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value.

Net capital loss carryovers but not carrybacks are deductible against capital gains in determining a corporation 's net operating loss for the year.
True

In 2013 Marianne sold land, building and equipment with a combined basis of $150,000 to an unrelated third party and in return received an installment note of $80,000 per year for five years. Of the $250,000 gain on sale, $150,000 was classified as Section 1245 gain and the remaining $100,000 was Section 1231 gain. In 2013, Marianne had a capital loss carryover of $60,000, $50,000 of which she used to offset her Section 1231 gain; she recognized no Section 1245 gain. The following year she recognized $40,000 of 1245 gain and $10,000 of Section 1231 gain which she promptly offset with the last $10,000 of the capital loss carryover. In 2015, she recognized $50,000 Section 1245 gain and no Section 1231 gain.

An accrual is not made for a loss contingency because any of the conditions in paragraph 450-20-25-2 are not met., b.  An exposure to loss exists in excess of the amount accrued pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 450-20-30-1.” Therefore, they also need to disclose the range of the possible loss with some explanation.

An impairment loss shall be recognized only if the carrying amount of a long-lived asset (asset group) is

As per ASC 450-20-25-2, entities should accrue an estimated loss from a loss contingency by a charge to expense and a liability recorded only if both of the following conditions are met:

Sec 104-15(2) of CGT (Capital Gain Tax) Subdivision 104-B describes the CGT event occurred under Use and enjoyment before title passes. Here, Josh and Ben entered into the contract for the purchase of boat. Ben, being the purchaser wants to have a trail with the boat and promises to buy the boat within the time period of three years or sooner. Fortunately, Ben buys the boat within some months of agreement. Here, Ben has enjoyed the use of the assets before buying it though bound under certain agreement.

There presents some positive evidence to avoid the recording of valuation allowance. First, Packer, Inc has a profitable operation history from 1995 to 1997, despite a significant loss in 1994. This is agreed by FASB, which states that a “strong earnings history coupled with evidence indicating that the loss (for example, an unusual, infrequent, or extraordinary item) is an aberration rather than a continuing condition” is a piece of positive evidence (FASB 740-10-30-22). These profits may be carried forward into the future to offset net-operating loss. Secondly, Packer may not generate any significant U.S Federal tax net operating loss carry forwards in the near future because it has the ability to utilize tax planning, such as capitalization of R&D. Thirdly, Packer has never lost deferred tax benefits due to expiration of a US net operating loss carry-forwards.

INVESTools should definitely capitalize these expenses. The practice of not capitalizing these expenses has led to routine recording of net losses

Considering real world practices, as well as in accordance with the conceptual framework from the textbook, accrual of a loss from ongoing litigation is rare. Companies usually do not record a loss until after the ultimate settlement has been reached. For example, the Las Vegas Sands Corporation, in a recent quarterly report, disclosed but did not accrue damages from a lawsuit it lost, even after the award was affirmed by the trial court, because the company believe that it has valid bases in law and fact to overturn or appeal the verdict. Consequently, M corporation should not accrue the contingency loss but continually disclose the matter even when a judgment was reached against the corporation to pay $18.5 million in 2009, given that the