Synthesis Of Acetaminophen Lab Report

The experiment began by mixing the initial 1.775g isopentyl alcohol with 2.3 mL acetic acid and about 5 drops sulfuric acid. This reaction mixture was then heated under reflux for an hour after boiling of the reaction mixture began.

Acetaminophen is a non-opioid analgesic. We are not sure about how acetaminophen reduces the pain. It could have an inhibitory effect on central prostaglandin synthesis (cyclooxygenase (COX)-2) as well as increase the pain threshold. Acetaminophen cure fever by inhibiting the formulation and release of prostaglandins in the CNS. It stops endogenous pyrogens at the hypothalamic thermoregulator center. Acetaminophen is effective on curing fever, and may also relieve mild pain caused by cancer. Compared with Ibuprofen, they have very similar effectiveness. Acetaminophen provides a faster and greater temperature drop than aspirin. Acetaminophen may cause vomiting, constipation, nausea, pruritus, and agitation. For more serious circumstances,

Acetaminophen is an non-opioid analgesic while ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs). Acetaminophen is an equipotent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2, while ibuprofen is more selective for cyclooxygenase 1 than 2.

TLC Analysis of Analgesic Drugs Author: Monique Amanda Mendez Lab Instructor: Wenmo Sun Organic Chemistry Lab 243A: Section 038 Date Work Performed: 02 September 2015 Discussion: Lab 1a - TLC Analysis of Analgesic Drugs Discuss the relative polarities of the components of the analgesic drugs based on their functional groups The relative polarity of the analgesic drugs depends on their functional groups. Polarity of the drugs depends on several differentiating factors which include how the compound can hydrogen bond to itself or another compound, the number of electronegative atoms that are present within the structure of the compound, the net dipole moment of the molecule and the polarizability of the bonds or atoms that are present within the compound, which can highly define how polarizable the compound is or will be. The more polar the functional group, the stronger the bond is to the stationary phase, making it slower for the molecules to move down the TLC plate, thus the stronger it will be absorbed on the surface of the solid phase.

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of simulation gastric acid on different forms of acetaminophen. I chose this topic because it is important to know how the medicines that are ingested are reacting within the body. The information gained from this experiment will allow people to know which form of acetaminophen is most effective and how it is digested in the stomach.

The acetaminophen tablets from the Well at Walgreens brand showed a degradation of percent label claim of acetaminophen characterized by a R¬2 value of 0.4728 on a downward sloping treadline. The control percent label was found to be 105.3%. The percentages for weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 were as follows: 111.9%, 88.7%, 100.9%, and 88.2%. Therefore, the total degradation found in the group results is a loss of 17.3% label claim. No outliers were determined at this time. The reason for this large amount would have to be the experimental conditions (70 C°, 75% RH), as these conditions are well outside of the recommended conditions shown on the label (15 – 30 C°). These extreme conditions led to a decrease in the amount of active acetaminophen present

of prostaglandin E2, which lessen the hypothalamic target point to reduce fever, and creating active the descending inhibitory serotonergic pathways to produce analgesia. Even though acetaminophen have similarities with the analgesic and antipyretic properties of other COX inhibitors like the aspirin and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), still it does not possess considerable anti-inflammatory properties. Contrary to aspirin, acetaminophens do not hinder thromboxane and, as such, aggregation of platelet does not change.

Acetaminophen is a worldwide known drug used for aches and pains, but that is all that is thought of when the name is said. Because it is an over the counter medicine, nobody thinks about the effects it can have on you. In fact most people don't even read the warning label. In this paper, it will discuss all of the things nobody even bothers themself to look into. Such as common name/s, what it should be prescribed for, uses, side effects, warnings, drug interactions, and the chemical composition for it. This essay attempts to prove that Acetaminophen is more than just a benign remedy for discomfort.

It is well known that excessive alcohol can produce various side effects to human. However, giving up drinking is difficult and can bring several symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. To treat this problem, acamprosate, 3-Acetamidopropane-1-sulfonic acid, is used as a medication with a common brand name, Campral. Acamprosate is a small molecule that has a molecular weight about 181.21 g/mol. Its molecular formula is C5H11NO4S and is named as 3-Acetamidopropane-1-sulfonic acid or N-acetyl homotaurine.

Acetaminophen is a widely used analgesic drug used in over-the-counter and prescription medication (Raucy, Judy L.. Lasker, Jerome M.. Lieber, Charles S.. Black, Martin. 2004). The most common name associated with over-the-counter acetaminophen is the brand Tylenol, which many people use for pain relief and as a fever reducer. Prescription acetaminophen may be recognized as Percocet or Vicodin. This important drug is generally considered safe when used according to the directions provided on its labeling or according to a physician (U.S. Food and Drug Administration 2015). If acetaminophen is not taken following the instructions, anything from acute liver damage to death can occur.

The filter paper, holding the aspirin crystals, was removed from the funnel and was left to dry before being weighed. Once the aspirin crystals were weighed, the theoretical yield and the percent yield of the experiment were calculated. The procedure was repeated once more using the same steps.

The goal of this experiment was to synthesize aspirin. In this experiment aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, was synthesized from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. In the reaction the hydroxyl group on the benzene ring in salicylic acid reacted with acetic anhydride to form an ester functional group. This method of forming acetylsalicylic acid is an esterification reaction. Since this esterification reaction is not spontaneous, sulfuric acid was used as a catalyst to initiate the reaction. After the reaction was complete some unreacted acetic anhydride and salicylic acid was still be present in the solution as well as some sulfuric acid, aspirin, and acetic acid. Crystallization, which uses the principle of

The first step in the extraction of paracetamol was to crush the tablets. If I didn’t do this then it would have been difficult to dissolve them. To weigh them, we had to make sure that we used the most accurate scales as possible as accuracy could be an issue. The spirit level should be calibrated so that we can rule out the issue of accuracy. Another problem we could have had in the practical was the method of filtering. The filter paper could have been too small so the filtrate could have gotten over the top of the funnel and then we would have had insoluble impurities. Also when doing this, we had to be careful that none of the filtrate ran down the beaker or we would have lost some yield. The filter paper could have been poor quality

Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) hepatotoxicity is the classical example of direct liver injury. Paracetamol is generally safe at recommended doses, but its intrinsic toxicity at higher doses represents the most important cause of acute liver failure and transplantation. Paracetomol is rapidly metabolized in the liver at therapeutic doses principally through sulfation and glucuronidation, and only very small portion is oxidized by cytochrome P450 2E1 to generate a highly reactive and cytotoxic intermediate N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), which yields a harmless water-soluble product, mercapturic acid on conjugation by hepatic glutathione. However, the capacity for glucuronidation and sulfation is exceeded after acetaminophen overdose and a large amount of NAPQI is formed via cytochrome P450 2E1 [26, 27].

I hypothesized that the rate of the reaction would increase, producing more product as the amount of ACP in solution was increased because more enzymes allow for more substrate to be converted to product. The same hypothesis was made that when we increased the substrate, p-nitrophenyl phosphate, the amount of product produced would increase as well because there would be more substrate that could bind to the enzyme and be converted to product. For the environmental experiments, both temperature and pH, I predicted that the amount of product formed would increase with the temperature and pH, but then begin to decline after the enzymes reached optimal conditions. In other words, at the optimal temperature and pH, the enzyme velocity would be greatest, producing the most p-nitrophenol. Also, I predicted when the pH and temperature