Symbolism In The Easter Uprising

the end of a day and darkness. Poe uses the element of darkness as a visual representation of

The northern regions tended to have more religious beliefs. The southern regions tended believe in a church and state separation. According to "The Articles of Agreement, Springfield, Massachusetts in 1636" (Doc D), whoever entered Massachusetts had to comply with the certain articles and orders that shaped a community around God and the share of the land. The “Articles of Agreement, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1636’’ is valid document because it was basic laws. As a result of “The Articles of Agreement Springfield, Massachusetts, 1636’’, the northern region became more religiously involved with society, causing the one region to split into two. Because Virginia was becoming more of an economical region such as its tobacco farming, it

The cultural topic for my research project will be The Day of the Dead. This old Mexican tradition is celebrated to remember and honor all of the dead and loved ones. Celebrated mostly in Latin America this old tradition was created in the 16th century between Mesoamerica and Europe, and has been celebrated since then. The tradition consists of two days. The celebration begins in the first day of November, but the Day of the Dead is on November 2nd. I find this topic interesting because it goes way back into Aztec history. It was the first contact between Mesoamerica and Europe.

The Irish Famine 1845-1849 “Is ar scáth a chiéle a maireann na daoine” “It is with each other’s protection that the people live” From the Fifteenth through to the Nineteenth centuries English Monarchies and Governments had consistently enacted laws which it seems were designed to oppress the Irish and suppress and destroy Irish Trade and manufacturing. In the Penal laws of 1695 which aimed to destroy Catholicism, Catholics were forbidden from practicing their religion, receiving education, entering a profession, or purchasing or leasing land; since Catholics formed eighty percent of the Irish population, this effectively deprived the Irish of any part in civil life in their own country.

The main cause of World War One was the assassination of the archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand in June of 1914. Two months later, on August 4th, 1914 Great Britain declared war. Ireland, at this time, was a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and as a result, they had become a part of the war as well. Before the war broke out, there were already fifty-eight thousand Irishmen enlisted in the British Army or Navy. During the duration of the war, another one hundred-thirty Irishmen were recruited as volunteers. These Irishmen joined the armed forces for several different reasons. Some, because of political reasons, others joined to send money to loved ones back home, and some were simply after the adventure that war brought along with it. Tom Barry, who enlisted in the British military in June 1915, said he joined “to see what war was like, to get a gun, to see new countries and to feel like a grown man.”

After the first world war the leaders of europe came together to discuss the boundaries of europe. British rule decided to separate ireland into two sides. North Ireland was created when the british government of Ireland Act in 1920 divided Ireland into two areas; the Irish Free State and the Northern Ireland Roman Catholics, who made up around one-third of the population of Northern Ireland, were largely opposed to the separation. The British took over , but only after many revolts and riots against them from the people of ireland. In 1969 the IRA (Irish Republican Army) was formed. They were a Catholic Irish nationalist group that used guerrilla tactics like bombings and assassinations to oppose British rule and oppression in Ireland. Their main goal was to fight the british that took over their home. The IRA would Fight using guerilla and terrorist tactics including bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, punishment beatings, extortion, smuggling, and robberies. But over time the IRA became more of a dangerous militia then patriots defending their home.

It can be argued that the reason the government failed to react as it should in time of crisis is because of the widespread belief of laissez-faire. This argument is flawed, as the strict rules against the government’s invasion of personal matters were broken on numerous occasions to benefit the British landlords, who hired the police force to guard the ports while ships full of food left a starving Ireland. John Mitchel, the leader of the Young Ireland Movement, wrote the following in 1860: The British Prime Minister had “violated every pledge previously made on arriving at place and power… but the pity was that the minister was permitted to act so with impunity” (NJCHE 4). The twisted version of laissez-faire that had corrupted the government was so normal and such a popular opinion, that they were accumsed to the prominent wrongs the leaders were invoking on the Irish people. Not only that, but there was an unspoken agreement that the concept of laissez-faire was only a strict policy when concerning the Irish, but when regarding the British people there was extreme flexibility. Furthermore, Kinealy, in her book The Great Calamity, wrote, “The underlying philosophy of the relief efforts was that they should be kept to a minimalist level; in fact they actually decreased as the Famine progressed” (NJCHE 4). By the time the blight

The turmoil of the second decade of the twentieth century gave way to a greater sense of peace and stability in the third, with a peace treaty signed between Ireland and Britain in December of 1921 and Home Rule finally established for most of the Irish isle (Ferriter, n.d.). At the same time, this new society did not lead to instant prosperity, and indeed poverty remained a major and growing problem in Ireland during this decade (Ferriter, n.d.). Economic and social problems that persisted during this decade certainly could have been pushes to increased immigration.

The start of the Irish’ peoples struggles began when the British came and destroyed their way of life. The Penal laws of 1691 stripped Irish Catholics of their freedoms by taking away their rights to become officers

The IRA split into two groups; The official IRA who wanted to achieve a United Ireland, and the Provisional IRA who thought of the British Army as an army of occupation and believed violence was the answer and would achieve their goal. The Provisional IRA shot Gunner Curtis. He was the first British soldier to be killed in the Northern Ireland.

The alleged origin of the Irish Republican Army could be traced back to the Easter Rising of 1916 (Alonso, 2001; Arena & Arrigo, 2004; Filardo-Llamas, 2013; Hart, 1997; Page & Smith, 2000). Radical nationalists, who were part of a group called the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), took the opportunity to take up arms against the British during the war in Europe (Filardo-Llamas, 2013). The Irish Republican Brotherhood was the precursor of the modern IRA. They were a secret society who was

The Irish were promised the Home Rule Act, but it was taken away at the start of the Ester Uprising. “This modest promise was swept away the Easter Uprising of 1916, when a small band of rebels paralyzed the city and the Irish Republic was proclaimed from the steps of the GPO” (Hegarty). Padhraic Pearse led about 2000 people into the Easter Revolution, only a small fraction of the people that had lived in Dublin at the time. Most of the Irish were involved in World War I. “They had little support – many Irish volunteers had joined the war effort and the rebels were perceived to be traitors to the great cause” (Hegarty). It would take more violence and rebellion against the British to bring attention to their cause both locally and abroad.

Ireland 1845, food was suddenly scarce, money was hard to earn, and what little was earned was immediately spent for survival. The people of Ireland had grown up used to missing meals due to crop failure. However, previous crop failures couldn’t compare to the potato famine of 1845. For the next five years, the blight destroyed nearly all the potato crops and killed many Irish. About one million people died during this time in Ireland because of the starvation and disease. About two million fled the lands of Ireland in hopes of escaping the starvation, disease, death, and poverty that had taken over Ireland since the famine. The tenant farmers, who suffered would farm land that belonged to the absentee landlords. They would grow many crops, most of which were very successful. They were only allowed to keep the potato crops for their own; the rest of the crops would be harvested and exported to England. The absentee landlords lived like kings while the tenant farmers were forced to sell everything they owned so they could have money to purchase food to stay alive. When they ran out of things to sell they were then forced to scavenge for food scraps just to escape death for a while longer. The starvation and struggle of the Irish tenant farmers could have been avoided if the absentee landlords hadn’t been so greedy with collecting the rent. England could have come to the aid of the Irish people sooner than they did if they weren’t so interested in staying true to their

The precursor to the IRA was a group called the Irish Volunteers who later transformed in the IRA around 1919. The goal from the start was to create the Independent Republic that was not controlled by Britain. The Sinn Fein was the government wing of the terrorist group, who shared the same exact goal but from a diplomatic standpoint. Not everyone who was a part of the IRA was also a part of the Sinn Fein and vice versa but the membership tended to overlap during the IRA’s inception period. The IRA first used terrorism during the war of Irish independence from 1919-1921 against Britain. At the end of the war, Britain had let go of 26 counties and this resulted in a new free Ireland. However, 6 counties remained under Britains control. The 6 six counties that remained were together named Northern Ireland and to this day, Northern Ireland is still a part of the United Kingdom. The first split of the IRA happened during this time between those who accepted 26 counties being set free (loyalist) and those who were upset that 6 remained under Britain control. Those who were not in favor of 6 counties apart of the United Kingdom were named the Irregulars. A civil war occurred between the irregulars and the new Irish government and the irregulars had lost. This did not stop them from recruiting and training, in hopes that their dream of a unified Ireland. The new Irish government made the organization illegal due to its continued

The day of the dead is known as an extraordinary occasion every year to respect the dead, including gatherings, feasts, unique foods, melodies and parades. To add, in many societies this holiday brings the living and the dead together, for an awesome banquet, to recall the departed and to appease them for one more year. This love towards the spirits is an antiquated and widespread practice, and it proceeds in numerous parts of the world (Guiley, 1956).The Chinese, who glorify their ancestors, perform unique services in spring, summer and autumn to free mankind's two souls: incorporeal and corporeal. The incorporeal soul is requested to express unique thoughts towards the deceased relatives, and the corporeal soul is disheartened from rousing