Superflab

The results of this experiment support the rejection of the null hypothesis and predict there is a difference between Superflab, uncooked rice, green Play-Doh, and orange Play-Dough when providing the

2. Four unknown samples were included in the lab kit: flax seed meal, potato starch, egg whites, and dried milk. Using the results of the biochemical testing, determine which number corresponds to the correct unknown. (8 points)

Integra is a synthetic wound dressing frequently used to treat burn wounds (Figure 5). It is a bilayer composed of bovine tendon collagen glycosaminoglycan (chondroitin-6-sulphate) cross-linked to it, onto which a silicone (synthetic polysiloxane polymer) membrane is sealed to the upper surface to act as a protective temporary epidermis. The silicone layer is applied as a liquid monomer; curing occurs on the surface of the collagen at room temperature. It serves to control moisture loss from the wound. Water flux across this silicone membrane is the same as that across normal epidermis. The collagen-GAG matrix contains pores ranging from 70 to 200 µm that are invaded by host fibroblasts upon application to an excised wound bed. The pore size was carefully designed by adjusting the collagen-GAG mixture. In GAG-free collagen, the resulting structure was more closed than in collagen-GAG matrices. Smaller pores can delay, or even prevent, biointegration, whereas larger pores would provide an insufficient attachment area for invading host cells. Freeze-drying procedures followed by slow sublimation are used to control pore size too. The degradation rate of 30 days of the collagen-GAG sponge is controlled by glutaraldehyde-induced cross-links. The polypeptide collagen is used for its low levels of antigenicity (it has minimal rejection potential) and because it exerts a hemostatic effect on vascular wounds. Collagen is already found in skin. It is degraded by collagenase deposited

The P value less than 0.01, from the Tukey HSD test, shows that the outcomes are not coincidental but that there is a numerical or scientific reason for the results of the experiment. The outcomes of the experiment show that there are significant differences between each bolus type. Exact bolus placement, calculating constant air pressure and room temperature, rounding errors, and human error are limitations that could skew the results of this experiment. The results are consistent with prior studies that indicate there are alternative bolus material options that are more effective than Superflab. According to the ratios to water in Table 1, investigators conclude that uncooked rice is the best alternative to Superflab due to the fact that it is more similar and consistent than Superflab to solid water when providing Dmax. The data infers that although using the alternative variables will suffice as bolus, the compositions of Superflab, green Play-Doh, and orange Play-Doh do not provide the maximum dose build up as well as uncooked rice. In conclusion, this experiment narrows the informational gap when researching bolus materials and provides an answer to the question of which bolus will be best to use in radiation

Mr. Vikas Kumar (SO/E) was called in presence of committee members and noted down his declaration. As per his statement, he was using an acid mixture of Nitric acid and Perchloric acid (5:1) to digest the rice samples. He has taken total 30 samples for the same. It means that almost 150 ml Nitric acid and 30 ml of Perchloric acid in 30 tubes and kept on digester to digest rice sample. As per standard protocol it should start from low temperature and subsequently increase after an hour. He should attend the experiments every 5 to 10 min, when digester

Lab 3 further practices accurate weighing/measurement through the use of popcorn kernels, moles, and Avogadro’s number. In order to complete the lab, it is necessary to record the weight of the popcorn kernels before and after popping, then based upon the data collected, calculations are then performed following the creation of a graph with Excel. The results from the experiment displayed the different ways of performing calculations to find the different weights of kernels as well as the amount of water loss. Furthermore, this information gives the experimenter the ability to calculate the amounts of kernels within a 1 pound bag. Not only has this lab help to practice accurate measurement, but also illustrate the importance of Avogadro’s number

Radiation therapy is a type of treatment modality that administers radiation to patients with cancer. This form of treatment has many components that contribute toward ensuring that radiation therapists adequately treat the malignant tissue within the body. One of the major components in radiation therapy is the use of bolus. Bolus is a material that doctors place on the skin to help bring the radiation dose higher to the skin surface within the patient (Khan, 2012). Since there are not any research studies in the radiation oncology field which compare alternative bolus materials in providing maximum dose build-up, the purpose of this study is to close

6 Megavoltage (MV) photons treat many superficial tumors. More importantly, they often require a bolus to bring the depth of maximum dose closer to the skin surface. Also, a bolus compensates for uneven skin surfaces or irregular contours on the patient’s surface. The depth of maximum equilibrium describes the depth in which the maximum dose of the formulated radiation deposited into the skin (Washington & Leaver, 2010). Bolus material should be flexible, pliable, and tissue-equivalent. There is no study that compares green Play-Doh, orange Play-Doh, water and uncooked rice to Superflab for providing maximum dose buildup, Dmax.

Pressure ulcers are the priority health issues that immobilized patients, their families and care givers are facing with high occurrence rate. It is no doubt very costly and imposes a great impact in health care delivery system because of the supplies needed to prevent further complications. Pressure ulcer is a localized injury to the skin and other underlying tissue, usually over a body prominence, as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear or friction, or both (Potter & Perry, 2010, p.1240). One of the intrinsic factors for pressure ulcer development is reduced or impaired mobility. Standard protocol for pressure ulcer prevention mainly the use of barrier cream, has been widely used since its existence. Although numerous

According to The American Cancer Society, 43.92% of males and 38% of females have the risk of developing cancer during his/her lifetime (“Lifetime Risk,” 2013). External beam therapy is a common cancer treatment that is distributed from a machine and is focused on the cancer inside the patient (External Beam Therapy, 2014). The treatment is a lot like getting an x-ray only the treatment is more time-consuming and uses a high dosage of radiation which is measured in units called Gray (Gy) (“External Beam Therapy” n.d.). Some of the machines for external beam therapy include linear accelerators, cobalt machines, and orthovoltage X-ray machines (Hopkins, n.d.). The type of machine used on each patient will be decided by the radiation oncologist (Hopkins, n.d.). The machine will not touch the patient and as you read further you will learn it does not hurt, and the radiation cannot be seen, felt, or smelled (“Lifetime Risk”, 2013). External Beam Therapy is an effective and safe treatment plan used to treat cancer.

Braden scale (Braden & Makelburts, 2005) use in hospitals allows nurses to identify patients at risk for pressure ulcer based on their sensory perception, mobility, activity, moisture and nutrition. Although the Braden scale is a useful tool but healthcare administrations has yet found the best method to eliminate pressure ulcers or bedsore in intensive care units. The use of foam dressing will be introduced to the intensive

Franks, P. J., & Moody, M. (2007). Randomized trial of two foam dressings in the management

Radiation therapy is not limited to an external source which enters the body via a beam outside for treatment. Some cancers which are too far beneath the skin or near extremely vital and delicate tissue require a more localized and accurate form of therapy. Brachytherapy uses radioactive seeds or pellets strategically placed inside the body delivering an internal for of radiation therapy. Radioactive material is directly placed into or near a tumor using a

Merlin-Manton et al. (2015) explored a new foam adhesive dressing, UrgoTul Absorb Border (Urgo Medical), which is effective in promoting fast wound healing (Merlin-Manton et al., 2015). The researchers claims that what differentiates UrgoTul Absorb Border from other foam dressings is that it allows for there to be an interaction between the technology lipido-colloid (TLC) and wound bed. This new wound dressing increases fibroblast proliferation by 45% and provides a pain-free dressing change, easy to apply, comfortable, and the dressing remains in place (Merlin-Manton et al., 2009). This observational study consisted of an independent variable, which is the parameters, and a dependent variable, which is the rating of the performance. This research consisted of a sample size of this study was initially 25 patient’s, however, it drop down to 23. This sample was selected from acute hospital wards, outpatient departments, wound care clinics, and the patients own home. Prior to being selected the patient’s wound were assessed by a viability nurse to assess if the selection criteria, wound location, and wound aetiology. The data was collected over a 6-month period and all of the participants received at least 6 wound dressings during a 5-week period. The dressing performance and patients parameters were measured using a interval type of data set

Using a Varian 2100 linear accelerator, the machine produced 6, 9, and 12 MeV beams that struck a Markus parallel plate ionization chamber underneath the various tin foil boluses (thickness ranged from 0.05 mm to 0.6 mm) in Plastic Water. The study required a set SSD of 100 cm with a field size of 10 cm x 10 cm, 6 cm x 6 cm, and 4 cm x 4 cm. The results showed that a tin foil bolus of 0.3 mm was optimal with 90% surface dose for 6 MeV and 0.4 mm for 9 and 12 MeV. The researchers concluded that a tin foil bolus had negligible extra bremsstrahlung and negligible air gap effects on surface dose and therapeutic range, making it comparable to water-equivalent