The year is 1846. Against her father’s wishes, Elizabeth Barrett has secretly married Robert Browning, running away with him to the sun-strewn olive groves of northern Italy. They lie next to each other in bed, doing what they do best. They are writing. Mrs. Barrett Browning, with her gentle cursive, composes an eloquent sonnet that sings of a harmonious love that transcends death. Mr. Browning feverishly pens a new masterpiece about malformed love, obsession, and murder. Like many other Victorian poets, both European and American, the Brownings fixate upon the connections between love and death; although it may seem as though the husband writes only about a lust for control. Yet, by all accounts, he was a loving and compassionate spouse. Why does Browning delve into the mindset of a misogynistic sociopath, not just with "Porphyria's Lover," but also with the insidious poem "My Last Duchess"? In order to critique the oppressive, male dominated society of his age, Browning gave voice to villainous characters, each representing the antithesis of his world view. Yet Browning does not eliminate his personal virtues from all of his poetry. After marrying Elizabeth Barrett, Browning's poems become more open, more tender, unveiling the true and benevolent nature of the poet. Perhaps, it is Mrs. Browning's willingness to present the subject of love in a less controlling, more transformative and nurturing way that led to her husband's evolution as a writer. The obsessive
The two Browning poems, ‘Porphyria’s Lover’ and ‘My Last Duchess’ were written to convey to the reader how women were treated in that era; as possession, as assets. Both of these poems can be read from different points of view and they also both are what is
look at but he feels as if the Duchess takes him for granted and she
The potent emotion of jealous love permeates throughout both Robert Browning’s ‘My Last Duchess’ and Carol Ann Duffy’s ‘Medusa.’ Jealous love forms a central concern of the poets, with each one focusing on different aspects, which the reader may come to identify the poems as exploring the intensity of human emotion.
Browning wrote a volume of Byronic verse, titled, Incondita, at the age of twelve. He later destroyed it. In 1828, he enrolled at the University of London, but soon left, wanting to study and read at his own pace. In 1833, Browning anonymously published his first major published work, “Pauline,” and in 1840 he published “Sordello,” Browning published a series of eight pamphlets titled, Bells and Pomegranates from 1841 to 1845. Although, this work did not win critical esteem or popularity, it did gain the admiration of Elizabeth Barrett, who was a respected and popular poet in her own right. In 1844 she praised Browning in one of her works and received a grateful letter from him in response. They met in 1845, fell madly in love, and ignoring the disapproval of her father eloped to Italy in 1846. Their departure took place as planned on the morning of Sunday, 20, September, Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, their maid Elizabeth Wilson, and their dog Flush, stepped ashore from the Southampton boat at Le Havre. They left behind them a very angry man (Karlin 169). In fact, Mr. Barrett returned Elizabeth’s letters unopened for the rest of her life. Her health improved in Italy and she gave birth to a son in 1849, Robert Wiedermann Barrett Browning. Perhaps, her best-known work, Sonnets to the Portuguese , a volume of poems to her husband was written during their years in Italy. She became ill in 1861, and after only fifteen glorious years together, she died
The poem “My Last Duchess” is a historical event that involves the Duke of Ferrara and Alfonso who lived in the 16th century. Robert Browning "My Last Duchess" presents a narrative about a recently widowed Duke who talks with an emissary had come to an arranged marriage with another lady from a powerful and wealthy family. In the perspective of Duke, power and wealth were integral in marriage and was determined to be married to a wealthy lady from a famous family. As the Duke orients the emissary through the palace, he stops and shows a portrait of the late Duchess who was a lovely and young girl. The Duke then begins by stating information about the picture and then to the Duchess. Duke claims that the Duchess flirted with everyone and did not appreciate the history of the family: “gift of a nine hundred years old name.”(33) However, when an individual continues to read the poem, it is evident that the Duke played an important role in killing the lady. Duke states that “he gave commands; / Then all smiles stopped together”(45-46) he used these words to define the death of his beloved Duchess. The aim of the essay is to analyze literary devices that emphasize the content of the poem, which includes rhetorical questions, exclamation mark, and em dash.
“My Last Duchess” by Robert Browning and “ The Rape of the lock” by Alexander Pope are two poems that convey a theme of love and objectification towards women.For instance, both poems are similar in their use imagery and metaphors to grasp their audience attention. For example, in “My last duchess” the author shows the wife in the poem as an item controlled by her husband and uses his love for her as an excuse to abuse his power. Her life is ruled by him and she would have to deal with his insane jealousy because his obsessiveness is dominating his reality of his relationship . In this poem the male role has many characteristics one of them being paranoid and not helping him reflect on reality by him owning shrine of items that belonged to all his earlier wife’s. His late wife is shown as a piece of imagery where she is kept on a wall trapped not able to leave his sight or be allowed interact with others. (Browning,1-2) In “ The Rape of the Lock “ the poem starts off with Belinda,the main character, in a dream sent to her by her guardian Sylph. The dream sends a message to Belinda that she must be careful with all men in her life once she has received the message she awakens to a love letter at her sight and forgets the dream in its entirety. Throughout the course of the poem Belinda’s Sylphs are required to protect her chastity and help her contain her purity.. The man in her life is using her as an item and not as a human being.Pope encourages these characteristics
Both poems have similar themes and both speakers describe a particular character found in both stories. Both poems have a beautiful woman as its main character and their themes describe the relationship between two lovers. In "My Last Duchess" and "Porphyria's Lover," Robert Browning conveys two distinct portraits depicting the love shared between two people. The qualities of beauty, selfishness, and jealousy appear in both poems. In both works, the author explores the hidden influence death has upon the relationship shared by two lovers.
There are two poems by Browning that pertain specifically to his ‘lovely ladies’ which include My Last Duchess and Porphyria's Lover. In these two dramatic monologues it can be deduced that Browning treats his women as initially having power over the men, as the
In “My Last Duchess” Browning made it so that the narrator branded his wife with the stigma of being a “loose” women, making it so that she was seen as impure and tainted to all those around them (fgcu.edu). Using an AABB rhyme scheme to make the poem flow more rhythmically Browning opens the poem up with the Duke telling the story of his last duchess who was to impure and loose to be his wife as he states, “Sir, ’twas not/Her husband’s presence only, called that spot/Of joy into the Duchess’ cheek” (lines 13-15). Suggesting that she allowed other men to touch her the way only he was suppose too, making it so that her soul and her body was no longer clean and free of others, taking away her image of being “pure”. The duke wanted to be able
Both of these works contain the unique ability, as portrayed by Browning, to create a deep fictional psyche that displays the strange relationship between man and woman. This relationship is displayed as one full of pain, jealousy, rejection and happiness, the majority of these emotion are contained in love and marriage. From this the reader can infer the nature of love being the conquering of class distinction and marriage involves sexist male inhibitions. Insecurities are seen in both poems and are evident in the perspective voices of the male protagonists, who are seen as incapable to handle their aggressive and possessive natures when it comes to love and marriage. Browning seems to be demonstrating the side of relationships avoided previously by Romantics and in doing so shows the negative implication on seemingly unruly
Porphyria's Lover also demonstrates several of Robert Browning's defining characteristics as a poet. It contains his criticism towards the beliefs and practices of self-restraint and his traditional use of dramatic monologue to expose a single character's personality, which in turn often provides an additional depth to his works in coordination with his use of unpoetic language. Also taking into account the author's own personal experiences with his wife, the poem can also be perceived as a representation of the development of their relationship. Browning's criticism of the idea of self-restraint is evident throughout the poem "Porphyria's Lover" as it was shown in the internal debates both characters underwent as they decided whether or not they should consummate the love between them.
In "My Last Duchess", by Robert Browning, the character of Duke is portrayed as having controlling, jealous, and arrogant traits. These traits are not all mentioned verbally, but mainly through his actions. In the beginning of the poem the painting of the Dukes wife is introduced to us: "That's my last Duchess painted on the wall,/ looking as of she were still alive" (1-2). These lines leave us with the suspicion that the Duchess is no longer alive, but at this point were are not totally sure. In this essay I will discuss the Dukes controlling, jealous and arrogant traits he possesses through out the poem.
Throughout history, gender roles have been an important barrier in society. Women are forced to satisfy expectations established by men and society. “My Last Duchess,” by Robert Browning, focuses on the powerful Duke establishing certain expectations of the Duchess, and attempting to control her. Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, concentrates on Laertes establishing certain expectations of Ophelia, and seeking to control her. A Room of One’s Own, by Virginia Woolf, centers on societal expectations of Judith, and her father trying to control her. In all three texts, men have the ability to control women and have the freedom to do as they please. Women must conform to the expectations of faithfulness, attentiveness, and chastity.
Robert Browning provides a critical view of gender and power relations in his dramatic monologues “Porphyria’s Lover” and “My Last Duchess.” The dramatic monologue, as S.S. Curry has written, "reveals the struggle in the depths of the soul” (11). Browning delves into the minds of characters to show their conceptions of women and ideas of power. He explores the mental processes of the characters, and invites readers to question societal ideas of power and gender. The mental pathologies of the speakers is emphasized, which forces readers to examine the sanity of their own notions of gender dynamics.
Written by Robert Browning, “My Last Duchess” is a poem about an egocentric Duke who has a painting of his last wife upon the wall and is trying to impress an ambassador who is negotiating his next marriage. Although it is obvious that the Duke is trying to persuade this ambassador, however, this is where the first mystery is created. It is almost as if he is trying to persuade no one more than himself.