Summary Of Caroline B. Cooney's Code Orange

Life is like a book there is always a conflict. In the novel code orange by Caroline B. Cooney, Mitty is a 16-year-old boy who comes across scabs of Valeria major or smallpox he accidentally inhales the scabs and goes back to new york not realizing he inhaled it. He does a chemistry project in which he has to study smallpox and if it was used for bioterrorism. But he later believes he has smallpox and even thinks about suicide to save the city but gets kidnapped he stays in the basement of the kidnapper's house to protect new york, but he quickly realizes they aren’t American when he hears their ringtone. He later passes out because of the amount of carbon monoxide in the basement and eventually wakes up.

In her book, Pox Americana, Elizabeth A. Fenn takes on the challenge of writing about a little-known topic with large gaps in the existing research. Fenn states in the foreword that the previous research about smallpox focused on specific locations, "often with vague but tantalizing references to a larger background pandemic." I commend Fenn on her attempt to write about that large epidemic and I think that she successfully combined the facts and figures that spanned an entire hemisphere into her book.

What is smallpox? The internet has defined it as an “acute contagious immune disease, with fever and pustules (small bumps on the skin filled with pus) that will usually will leave scars.” Smallpox originated in India and Egypt over 3,000 years ago. After that it slowly started to progress to other areas across the world. It then started to show itself in places like Africa, Europe and then after a few years later, finally made it’s way into the Americas during the 1500’s.

Smallpox was a very devastating disease during the mid-1700’s and killed over 400,000 people annually across Europe. Smallpox spread rapidly and was a very contagious disease. Smallpox was caused by the variola virus and after being infected with the disease people would experience symptoms that included headaches, chills, backaches, fever, rashes along with a breakout of pimples. People who were infected with the variola virus would recuperate, however, three out of ten people would die. Fortunately, in July 1796, a rural physician named Edward Jenner found the variolation procedure to prevent people from developing the severe virus of smallpox.

The exact cause of death in fatal smallpox is unknown to science.” (Preston pg. 54). The author does a wonderful job at explaining symptoms in gruesome detail to show how destructive this virus really is. The focus on eradicating smallpox as a huge accomplishment quickly turns smallpox into a weapon, especially by Russia and other nations. For example, during the Cold War, Russia created

When the Europeans had their first contact to the New World, it had a great impact on the spread of diseases that would wiped more than eighty to ninety percent of indigenous population. Neither Europeans nor Native Americans had medicine to fight the diseases. But Europeans had developed throughout the year’s immunities to fight diseases back in their homeland, so they were in a big advantage over the scarce resource that the Native Americans had. One of the main disease that killed millions of indigenous groups was called smallpox. Europeans had been exposed to many diseases throughout their history, in the Old World it was common for children at a young age to be infected with smallpox. So with advanced treatments with smallpox in the Old World, they had a different perspective on how to control these type of diseases. Many indigenous groups had not developed an immunities to fight smallpox. Reference to the book were it mentions that smallpox specifically means not the disease but the pimpled, pustules appearance which is the most obvious symptom of the disease (Crosby, p 43). As a result, many indigenous groups needed to find refuge due to the high percentage of deaths caused by European conquest and

Overall, I did not enjoy reading this book. Since I knew about most of the information being stated in the book, such as Darwin’s theory and global climate change, it was kind of like listening to a lecture of something that you already know a lot about. Also, the fact that this book was straight facts and knowledge didn’t lead me to liking it either. It was just throwing so much knowledge at you that it had you wondered what you had just read after reading just one page. Because of this, the book got confusing and especially boring. Also the book had no structure and was put into chapters that made the reading more confusing. So in conclusion, I would not recommend this

This was done by “Ring vaccination”, meaning that anyone who could have been exposed to a smallpox patient was tracked down and vaccinated as quickly as possible.

Edward Jenner, as a medical student, noticed that milkmaids who had cowpox, blistering on a cow’s udder, did not get smallpox. On May fourteenth, 1796, Jenner took fluid from a cowpox blister and scratched it into an eight year old boy named James Phipps (Jenner Tests Smallpox Vaccine). A blister appeared where Phipps was scratched, but soon went away. Phipps was inoculated again on July first of the same year, except with smallpox the following time. The boy did not develop smallpox, leaving the vaccine a

Chapter four of Viruses, Plagues, and History, entitled Smallpox, provided a broad spectrum of information about smallpox as well as exploring its potential to return and once again cause death and devastation. I found this chapter to be especially terrifying because of the stress put on the fact that smallpox could be weaponized by bioterrorists. All of the information about smallpox itself as well as its history as a virus and a weapon really scared me because it could cause so much devastation.

Smallpox comes from variola major virus. It is transmitted through inhalation by droplet infection (contact with contagious body fluids). Individuals can also become infected through direct contact with contaminated clothing or bedding. There are two types of smallpox. The Variola virus; major and minor. The more deadly form of the virus, Variola major, generally killed up to twenty five percent of the people infected and accounted for over ninety percent of all cases (Sherman, 2007). Populations that had never been exposed to the virus would however have fatality rates that would exceed fifty percent. The Variola minor pathogen had a rate of death that was much lower. At two percent it was more common in Europe in the17th century before the deadlier pathogen of the virus was reintroduced. It then became a common and

Existing evidence have shown that the Chinese employed smallpox inoculation as early as the 1000 CE and then participated by the Africans and the Turkish as well. Which then spread all around Europe and to America. Edward Jenner, the first to come up with a vaccine in the late 1700 ‘s used cowpox material to create immunity to smallpox and had quickly spread all around. The method of Edward was practiced for 200 years and underwent medical and technological changes over that period of time. Many of you may have not none this but Edward jenner was able to save

Immunization, as of today, is widely different from the methods of immunization used hundreds of years ago. Buddhist monks swallowed snake venom to receive immunity to snake bites, and variolation, the act of spreading cowpox infected skin on non-infected skin to gain immunity to smallpox, was exercised in China during the 1600s. In 1796, after injecting a 13-year-old-boy with vaccinia virus(cowpox) and validated immunity to cowpox, Edward Jenner is acknowledged as the founder of vaccinology. The first smallpox vaccine was produced in the year of 1798. Over the course of the 1700s and the 1800s, smallpox was eradicated due to the efficient application worldwide, which led to the vaccine being eradicated in 1979 (Immunization Advisory Centre).

Edward Jenner was a British physician and scientist, who studied anatomy and surgery. Jenner is best known for introducing the smallpox vaccination to Britain in the year of 1796. He was the pioneer of the smallpox Vaccine and thanks to him there was cure to this deadly disease. Along researching about Edward’s discovery, it can be inferred what the term, “virus,” and “disease,” mean to further explain this disease; and inform to others what is smallpox how, how this disease came about and how one becomes infected and what are the symptoms to the disease? Indeed, it is questioned how Jenner came to conclude for such cure, how it was then treated to patients, and how it is now.

Smallpox- before it was eradicated- was a detrimental disease. Survivors of the disease, between 55% - 65% were deeply scared with pockmarks that occurred conspicuously on the face. The virus swept away around 30% of all that it infected and during the 20th century alone, an estimated 300 million people had died because of the disease- which helped to secure smallpox as the most deathly disease in human’s history. Everyone had an equal chance of being infected by the virus. You. You. And you. However, adolescents and infants were more likely to be infected due to their underdeveloped immune systems. Though smallpox affects people from all walk of life, doctors and smallpox researchers are two professions that are most at risk of attaining the disease.