Summary: Exploring The West With Palliser

A.Restate Thesis -His strive to be independent, experience he had in England and interest to go around the world lead him to join the army, living in the U.S. and discovering an interest in Geoscience.

The consequent efforts of government surveyors to map Red River without regard for local residents' holdings resulted in the establishment of the Métis National Committee, and a provisional government in late 1869. These events established Louis Riel as the leader of the Métis resistance. After consolidating their alliance with the “Half-breed” population and the old British settler population, the three constituencies formed the Provisional Government of Assiniboia’s Legislative Assembly in March 1870, and sent a delegation to Ottawa to negotiate Red River’s entrance into Confederation. The outcome was the Manitoba Act, which established Manitoba as a new province in Confederation as well as several other commitments to protect Métis landholdings including a 1.1.4-million-acre and reserve, language and local political control over the new province. However, the agreement recorded by the Provisional Government’s chief negotiator varies in important ways from the Manitoba Act, and Métis leaders have argued since the 19th century that the original agreement has never been properly

1),” but “[Flanagan] argued that the Canadian government made a historical mistake by granting the Red River Métis aboriginal rights in 1870. First of all, the Métis did not exist until the commencement of Indian-white relations (Milne, pg. 10)” As a defender of the government, “Flanagan, […] believes that the federal government fulfilled the land provisions of the Manitoba Act (Milne, pg. 1).” The government needed proof of the land they were claiming, but since there were no written documents no intention of administering the Manitoba Act as understood by the Métis leadership. (Sprague, pg. 18) The government believed that they did everything they can, and yet “for four years, not one Métis claim to a river lot was confirmed in accordance with section 32, not one Métis reserve was established ‘for the benefit of the families of the halfbreed residents’ in accordance with section 31 (Sprague, pg. 18).” Some metis people were new to the whole idea of the buying and selling process, but after a couples of years, those who were unfamiliar with the process got to learn how I everything

Prior to 1821, the land beyond Missouri was an uncharted region known only to buffalo and displaced Native Americans. When Mexicans won independence from Spain in 1821, they encouraged trade with the United States via New Mexico. Lack of water and hostile Native Americans made the trip dangerous, but William Becknell, “Father of the Santa Fe Trail,” left Missouri that year to arrive in Santa Fe a month-and-a-half later. After a large profit, Becknell continued to make trips, blazing the path that became known as the Santa Fe Trail. Soon, traders, visitors, and the military would regularly travel the route.

in the Manitoba Schools Question, and under his reign the inclusion of two new Canadian

Constant agreements started to happen between the provisional government and the Canadian government, but the provisional government wanted Manitoba to become a province. They wanted this to happen because provinces are not under the rule of another, whereas territories, they fall under the obligations of the Canadian government. The Canadian government issued the Manitoba Act on May 12, 1870. Macdonald, the prime minister at the time, came to an understanding to allow equal to the Metis and French along with the English Protestants in Red River. Since the Manitoba act was established, it opened many opportunities especially the one that lead to making Manitoba a province. The “North-Western Territories” were the new names for Rupert’s land

He formed the province of Manitoba. Without the recent rebellions and uprisings, would Manitoba be what it is today? On December 8, 1869, the Provisional government was set up by the Métis. With this already in hand, the government was able to write the Métis Bill of Rights, a list of what the Red River Colony desired to join confederation. Finally, on July 15, 1870, the

The travel to California, as advertised by the poster, would start by departing from New York on 22nd of March, sailing around Cape Horn and hopefully arriving at California after 90 days. A careful analysis of this object reveals that the date ‘1858’ not in the original printing is just a guess written by someone at an unidentified time. The corrected date should be 1852 since this is the year Capt. Austin was commanding it and the ship is described as ‘entirely new’. Also, on 8 March 1858, The North American was involved in a collision which took place off Point Lynas causing the sinking of the Spanish barque Tecla Carmen, apparently without the loss of life. As a consequence, the ship was impounded (Haggard 1864:79-80).

1858 denoted the beginning of progressing Chinese movement to the districts of British North America that would later shape the present-day Canada. In the east were the settlements of New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia, and additionally the "United Province of Canada," including Quebec and Ontario (The Early Chinese Canadians, 2015). On the Pacific coast was the settlement of Vancouver Island. At the time, none of these provinces had migration confinements. An immense region under the control of the Hudson's Bay Company lay between these eastern and western settlements (The Early Chinese Canadians, 2015). First Nations individuals were the fundamental inhabitants around this region, and also in British Columbia (The Early Chinese Canadians, 2015).

Many people in America know of the historical expedition of Lewis and Clark, but only a few know of the expedition to California led by Jedediah Smith. This expedition took place after Thomas Jefferson signed the papers to acquire a huge region in the west through the Louisiana Purchase. After this expansion many people were eager to explore the west and among those was Jedediah Smith. From his childhood, Smith dreamed one day of exploring the unknown west part of the United States. He once said, "I wanted to be the first to view a country on which the eyes of a white man had never gazed and to follow the course of rivers that run through a new land." In 1824, Jedediah Smith began formulating his famous California expedition that

The settlers had come to the West to enter the fur trade, and began to create families with their Native American wives. A Métis is an individual who is made up by a having both Native, and a European blood in their ancestry line (Asch, 1984:5). The Métis are the people that primarily made up the Red River Colony, along with the French Catholic citizens that immigrated over. By the 1950’s the Hudson Bay Company; HBC, has started to endure many attempts from Canada, the United States, and Britain to take over its land; resulting in Canada becoming the victor by buying Rupert’s Land three years after confederation. The final sale price was $1.5 million which made up the largest real estate transition by land area in Canada’s history. (Bumsted, 06) It is at this time that chaos begins to ensue across Rupert’s Land and with those that dwell within its borders. Protestants begin to flood the land, each bringing their culture and heritage with them. With each new member immigrating to the newly brought land, the fears its original habitant’s loss of heritage grew. Land that was once owned by the francophone, Métis and aboriginal settlers slowly became tainted by their new Protestant neighbours. The neither British crown nor Canadian government made any attempt to put their mind at ease, and help them with their fear of losing everything they hold dear; instead they chose to act as if Rupert’s land had no previous inhabitants. By 1969 an individual by the name of Louis Riel

soon after the Supreme Court of Canada in 1875. The economy became industrialized, universities opened,

In this inquiry, we were to evaluate the following topics and rearrange in the order of the importance of the creation of the Dominion of Canada and the expanse of the territory. The following list represents my opinion of what is most important to the creation or confederation (I will be using both words in the case of Canada and not America) of Canada:

The Quebec act was an act established in 1774. The act of Quebec was “passed by the British Parliament to institute a permanent administration in Canada replacing the temporary government created at the time of the Proclamation of 1763.” With this act the British had high hopes of restoring the French form of Civil law. The British hoped to win over the French Canadians by giving them more land and rights such as to use of their own laws and freedom to practice their own religion. The Quebec act can be described as an act used to make more effective provision for the Government of the province of Quebec in North America. Of the many things, the British hoped to achieve Expansion of territory to take over part of the Indian Reserve which was happening around 1763, states to include what is now southern Ontario, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota.

To begin, Louis Riel wanted to negotiate with the Canadian government to create the province “Manitoba”. Mr. Riel wanted a province because a province had much greater control over its own affairs than did a territory. On July 15, 1870, the Manitoba Act went into effect. Through this act, Canada’s fifth province, Manitoba, came into being. Many of the points from the Metis Bill of Rights became part of the Manitoba Act. Mr. Riel had been working towards creating a province, it has been