Summary: Annotated Bibliographies

* Osteopathy is also said to help relieve pain that individuals experience for a number of different reasons, this is done by improving mobility and reducing inflammation by using gentle, manual osteopathic techniques. (Hoddesdon osteopathic & sports injury clinic , 2016)

Dr. Kim Vonnahme has been a very important addition to the Animal Science Department at NDSU for the past eleven years. She has brought her tremendous knowledge of the reproductive tracts in animals to research and hands on projects for the students here at NDSU. Dr. Vonnahme received her Bachelor of Science Degree in Animal Science at Iowa State University in 2006. She continued to further her educational background by attending Oklahoma State University to obtain her Master’s Degree in Animal Science in 1998. Afterwards, she attended University of Wyoming to receive her PhD in Reproductive Physiology (Kim Vonnahme, 2014; Research Profile-Kim, 2014).

The columbine shooting shocked the world and having the blame on video games was one of the reasons why these kids did this. In this article it talks about the tragic event that took place on April 20, 1999 a couple of teenagers who were being bullied throughout high school came to school and went on a killing rampage taking out everyone they can see. This article also talks about the background behind why these teenagers would do such a horrible thing and this made a lot of people aware about how these teenagers even got a chance to get a hold

The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of the Chinese culture on pain perception, responses and management. Cultural backgrounds can have a significant role in how a person perceives and copes with their pain, many studies have identified the vast difference between cultures. “Culture shapes many aspects of the experience of pain, including pain expression, lay remedies, social roles, expectations, perceptions of the medical system, when/how/where to seek care, healthcare practices, illness beliefs and behaviors, and receptivity to medical care interventions” (Campbell, 2012)

Almonaitiene, J. (2011). Motivating Employees in Small and Medium Business Enterprises in the Context of Intense Workforce Emigration. Social Sciences, 72(2), 7-15.

Throughout all of history, the oppression of certain people or ways of thought has always been present. To see this one, one must look no further than the present day oppression of the Uyghur Muslims in China. The effects and logos of oppression is a topic debated in Nathaniel Hawthorne's book The Scarlet Letter. Throughout The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne builds on his statement on oppression through the character development of Reverend Dimmesdale. Ultimately, revealing that being true to oneself, not conforming to society, is best for people.

Evidence based support for the use of the annotated bibliography as an effective teaching strategy extends beyond the strategy itself into the identification of purpose behind the strategy. As such, research suggests that the annotated bibliography not only increases one’s reading comprehension, but it likewise increases one’s critical thinking skills. Mazella, Heidel and Ke (2011) incorporated the annotated bibliography as the source of data for their study on collaborative teaching as an effective method to merge student reading comprehension and information literacy skills (p. 42). The study subjects not only had to complete two separate annotated bibliographies on three different types of articles, but additionally, they worked in

Willcox, C. and Willcox, B., 2009, ‘FOXO3A Genotype and Human Longevity: The New APOE?’ Japanese Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine, vol 5, no.6, pp.804-809.

Research has shown that there are several organizations and active advocates who are working on pain management problems to face this public health issue. The following establishments involve: The American Academy of Pain Medicine, Institute of Medicine, and American Pain Society and many for-profit and nonprofit organizations are also working at different level towards pain management. Most specifically, the IOM has been devoted to studying pain and its consequences on individuals, the healthcare system, as well as on government (IOM, 2011).

The relationship discovered in the articles written by Denneson, et., al (2011) and Fletcher, et., al (2016) discuss how the Department of Veterans Affair is studying the significance of using complementary alternative medicine to effectively control chronic noncancerous pain versus the continuous use of opioids. Massage therapy was the most preferred and effective method for management of pain. In the article written by Fletcher, et., al (2016), about 60 percent of the outpatient was taking opioids for management of chronic pain.

Marion Good, PhD, RN, has focused her study, “A Middle-Range Theory of Acute pain Management: Use in Research,” on complementary medicine for pain and stress, acute pain, and stress immunity. The purpose of this theory is to put into practice guidelines for pain management. Good, 1998, noted the need for a balance between medication usage and side effects of pain medications. The theory also promoted patient education related to pain management following surgery and encouraged plan development for acceptable levels of pain management. This theory was developed through deductive reasoning. Chinn & Kramer, 2008, defined deductive reasoning as going from a general concept to a more specific concept.

According to The World Health Organisation (1999), defined pain as an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Pain is traditionally described as acute or chronic pain. The prevalence of chronic pain (CP) is higher than of acute of pain, as it affects 7.8 million people of all ages in the UK (Chronic Pain Policy Coalition., 2006). The current leading cause of mortality that is accounting for 60% of all deaths is due to chronic diseases and is also a problem as causes an increasing burden on the health care service (World Health Organisation., 2007). CP can affect a person’s quality of life if managed poorly, statistics shows that 25% of people lose their job and 22% leads to depression. (Chronic Pain Policy Coalition.,

Also pain may start with a disease or injury that persists due to stress emotional problems, improper treatment, or persistent abdominal pain signals in the body. It is possible for chronic pain to occur any previous injury illness or known cause. Therefore, patients suffering with chronic pain significantly benefit from a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Often you achieve optimal care several different health professionals may be involved in patient care alternative care to the traditional medical phonological could include but is not limited to traditional chiropractic care nutritional diet yoga exercise acupuncture meditation support groups soft tissue therapies and network chiropractic. Often, they cannot be cured, that it can be managed well enough through these alternative disciplines of care to improve the quality of life.

However, what if chronic back pain could be managed by adding alternative therapies such as yoga to modern treatments? Yoga is an additional therapy that decreases chronic back pain by promoting movement and decreasing pain medication dependence (Lee, Crawford & Schoomaker, 2014). This could radically reduce the dependence on drugs for pain relief and lead to a movement where pain is managed with the help of both modern medicine and affordable alternative remedies. With this in mind, promoting alternative therapies, such as yoga, in collaboration with modern treatments provides a larger range of options with different efficiencies for those with chronic back pain.

The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage” (1979). Pain is actually the culprit behind warranting a visit to a physician office for many people (Besson, 1999). Notoriously unpleasant, pain could also pose a threat as both a psychological and economic burden (Phillips, 2006). Sometimes pain does happen without any damage of tissue or any likely diseased state. The reasons for such pain are poorly understood and the term used to describe such type of pain is “psychogenic pain”. Also, the loss of productivity and daily activity due to pain is also significant. Pain engulfs a trillion dollars of GDP for lost work time and disability payments (Melnikova, 2010). Untreated pain not only impacts a person suffering from pain but also impacts their whole family. A person’s quality of life is negatively impacted by pain and it diminishes their ability to concentrate, work, exercise, socialize, perform daily routines, and sleep. All of these negative impacts ultimately lead to much more severe behavioral effects such as depression, aggression, mood alterations, isolation, and loss of self-esteem, which pose a great threat to human society.