Stars Life Cycle

There are billions upon billions of stars in our galaxy but only about 2000 of those are visible to us at night. Although there is one star that we are able to see during the day, but only because it is the closest one to earth, this star is the sun. Because the brightness of the sun is so vast we cannot see other stars, but when the sun sets we can see an abundance of celestial objects. The sun appears to be what some would call “the largest star” but it is only an average sized star, there are a countless more that are hundreds times the size of our sun. When we look up into the night sky and focus our eyes on what appears to be a star we often notice it twinkling, this is caused by turbulence in earth’s atmosphere. The atmosphere is like a lens and makes a boiling effect causing stars to look like they’re twinkling. Astronomers have discovered clusters of stars forming patterns, we call them constellations and there are roughly eighty-eight in our night sky. Stars can come in all kinds of different shapes sizes and distances, which causes some stars to appear closer than others. Bigger stars tend to shine more brightly than smaller stars. Even though a star seems bigger and brighter than the others doesn’t actually mean it is, it could just be a star closer to earth than most. The closest star to us is Alpha Centauri and is approximately four light years from earth meaning it takes four years for the light from Alpha Centauri to reach

Most stars, around 70 percent, are red dwarves, which are less massive than the sun. These stars are immortal, to our purposes. Their lives are several orders of magnitude longer than the sun's. There are many more that aren't red dwarves but are still less massive than the sun. Most stars we can see with the naked eye, however, are more massive, and stellar lifetime decreases rapidly with mass. There isn't a red dwarf close enough to be seen naked eye. So most that you see in the

The life cycle of a star is dependent on its mass. The larger the mass, the quicker it will die out, whereas stars which are no more than half the size of our Sun can live up to hundreds of billion years. However no matter how large the star is, they all begin their lives in a nursery known as a molecular cloud.

For about another thirty million years, the star continues to contract and its central density, central temperature, and surface temperature increase; then it is a main sequence star where pressure and gravity are balanced and nuclear energy is being generated in the core. It takes forty to fifty million years for a star to reach this stage. The Sun is a main sequence star (McMillan, 2011).

Stars change dramatically throughout their existence, due to the forces of gravity, in a process called stellar evolution. Stellar evolution describes how stars transform over time, from birth, through life which includes growth, and ending in death. This process can take billions of years, although the time scale depends on the mass of the star. Luminosity also plays a role in the evolution of a star.

The universe is approximately 13.77 billion years old (1). There are two methods which researchers use to determine the age of the universe: observing the oldest stars; and using the Hubble’s constant (1). Observing stars does not necessarily mean going outside and looking up in the sky at night. By viewing into a telescope, researchers can look beyond the human eyes to see a more desirable view of reality in space. Thus, researchers can gather information and determine where the global cluster of stars is located in the universe. Hubble’s constant is an accepted measurement where modern society has come to accept and use; being a correct or incorrect measurement.

The deaths of normal stars give birth to neutron stars. Neutron Stars are products of the so called supernova. Supernovae transpire during the death of a highly developed star which occurs when there is not enough nuclear fuel to keep the pressure intact inside the core of a star (Gursky 1975). The aftermath of a supernova is crucial because it frees iron, carbon, copper, and oxygen along with other elements found in a star. This explosion completely demolishes the star and has the ability to transform into either a black hole or neutron star (Freddy 2006). These supernovae are extremely bright and every 200 years there is an explosion that happens to be big enough and bright enough to be seen from earth. Neutron stars are very significant within the universe. It is said that the neutron star was discovered before the before the neutron. It was Lev Landau who first wrote about and studied dense stars. He focused his research on the idea there were objects in the universe that were denser than but as small as white dwarfs and regular stars (Haensel 2007). This focus leads to the discovery of the fascinating and complicated neutron star. The end is only the beginning for neutron stars.

Managing people in this day and age is now more about development and empowerment than it is about command and control. Increasingly, managers are taking a majority of the responsibility for ensuring that their staff members always have the knowledge and skills necessary to perform at the highest level possible. Managers are doing more coaching than ever before. For this reason, it is imperative that effective leaders master the skills necessary to become knowledgeable teachers and successful coaches because internal coaching is very important for the success of organizations. According to Manning & Curtis (2012), a learning organization uses six key ingredients to discover, create, and transfer knowledge and skills (P. 350). They are constantly in search of new knowledge and ways to apply it, review both successes and failures, benchmark and implement best practices, share lessons learned, reward innovation, and encourage experienced and new employees to learn to together (Manning & Curtis, 2012). Leaders who follow this tactic have a respectful attitude, build self-esteem, use the correct medium or combination of techniques, uses coaching rather than judging, and encourages repetitive practice to build proficiency (Manning & Curtis, 2012). Mary, my current manager, is a very capable

Most studies on bullying focus on the negative aspects, pointing to the extreme cases such as when the victim commits suicide. However, there is another side of the story (lead-in statements). Bullying can be beneficial, more so for the victim than the perpetrator (thesis). The perpetrator is playing into a predictable pattern of using power to seek social status and psychological control, or perhaps as a result of mental illness as Wente points out. Focusing too much on the reasons why bullies do what they do, researchers, parents, teachers, and children have forgotten to focus on the most important issue: how to turn bullying into a positive (stance). Bullying is not going away; it is something that adults do to each other and it seems to be built into social patterns and modes of communication universally. "The anti-bullying crusade has been around for years. Yet, kids still torment kids as much as ever even more than ever, now that they can do it around the clock in cyberspace," (Wente). Human nature is mean. By viewing bullying from the perspective of self-empowerment, it becomes possible to mitigate the many problems that bullying causes without resorting to useless interventions such as legislation, policies that are overly tough on bullies, or on assumptions about the victims. Bullying can be an opportunity for growth and maturity, for positive psychosocial development, and for self-esteem building (essay map).

In fact,star have very different colors and that is determined by the temperature of the star. According to Star Colors and Temperatures the sun burns red because the sun's temperature is 2500 Kelvin. Also, the life cycle of a star can be very beautiful and unique. The first stage in our sun life cycle is a stellar nebula then it will became a stable star after that it becomes a red giant then it becomes a planetary nebula then it will shrinks into a white dwarf then into a black dwarf. In addition, we group stars into beautiful constellations.

The Sun’s expected lifespan is 10 billion years. The lifespan of all other stars is relative to the mass of the Sun. If the mass of a star is less than the Sun then its lifespan will be longer than 10 billion years and if the mass of a star is more than the Sun then its lifespan will be shorter than 10 billion years.

The article printed in the Nature News on June 18, 2015 describes the first look at the first generation of stars that give way to the universe. These stars, most likely from the late developing cluster of the first generation of stars, are strong evidence of primordial stars. Primordial stars are stars that are considered the original stars of the universe, and the precursors to the rest of the stars and celestial bodies in the universe.

Our sun is halfway through its life cycle and based on the studies of the stars, when it reaches the last stages of its life it will go supernova destroying Earth, but that won’t happen in about 5 billion years.

About 90 percent of the stars in the universe, are main sequence stars. Stars start their lives off as big clouds of dust and gravity draws the clouds and forms them into one. Mark Morris, made a statement and said “Nature doesn’t form stars in isolation.” “ It forms them in clusters, out of natal clouds that collapse under their own gravity.”

Main sequence stars like our own sun enduring in a state of nuclear fusion during which they will produce energy for billions of years by replacing hydrogen to helium. Stars change over billions of years. When their main sequence phase ends they pass through other states of existence according to their size and other characteristics. The larger a star's mass, the shorter its lifespan is. As stars move toward the end of their lives, much of their hydrogen will be converted to helium. Helium sinks to the star's core and raises the star's temperature—causing its outer shell to expand. These large, puffy stars are known as Red Giants. The red giant phase is actually a prelude to a star shedding its outer layers and becoming a small, dense body called a White Dwarf. White dwarfs cool down for billions and billions of years, until they finally go dark and produce no energy at all. Once this happens, scientists have yet to observe, such stars become known as Black Dwarfs. A few stars avoid this evolutionary path and instead go out with a bang, exploding as Supernovae. These violent explosions leave behind a small core that will then turn into something called a Neutron Star or even, if the remainder is large enough, it is then turned into something called a Black Hole.