Staphylococcus Aureus Pathology

aureus is due to several factors. It is coagulase positive which forms accesses and prevents phagocytosis. It produces several exotoxins that create different responses in the body such as exfoliative toxin which causes scalded skin syndrome and enterotoxin which causes Staphylococcal food poisoning. Exotoxins produced by S. aureus are also responsible for Toxic Shock Syndrome, which is associated with tampon use and wound packing. In general, S. aureus is resistant to penicillin and some strains are resistant to methicillin (MRSA). According to the Minnesota Department of Health, most skin infections caused by S. aureus are self-limiting and do not require antibiotic treatment, but in cases where immunity is suppressed or skin is broken due to surgery or injury, infections may require antibiotic treatment or abscess drainage to prevent more serious infection

MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) is one of the most recent superbugs to become a health problem. MRSA is a species of Staphylococcus Aureus that is resistant to the antibiotic methicillin and antibiotics like it. Doctors are struggling to find proper treatment because of its resistance to the beta-lactam ring, the core of most antibiotics. The most lethal strain is the CC398 strain, most commonly found on livestock. There are approximately 80,000 invasive MRSA infections and 11,000 deaths every year. (CNN.com)

Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains often occur in epidemic waves initiated by one or a few successful clones. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is prominently featured during these epidemics. Historically associated with hospitals and other healthcare settings, MRSA now has emerged as a widespread cause of community infections. The majority of Staphylococcus aureus strains are now resistant to penicillin and methicillin (MRSA). Golden staph is creating headlines across the world, the superbug is becoming unstoppable. According to government statistics “one in five cases were resistant to antibiotics” (Alexander, 2017). Scientist are trying to eradicate golden staph with antibiotics, however they are adapting rapidly. Scientists are yet to identify how exactly the bacteria keeps adapting. Antibiotics attack infections by meddling with the bacterial ribosome, which is the part of the cell that makes proteins. If a cell cannot make protein, it dies. “The way the antibiotic works is it throws a spanner in the works. The drug comes in and jams up the machine so the cell can't make protein anymore. “Antibiotic-resistant bacteria find a way to apply oil and restart the machined Belousoff's team compared the cell structure of resistant and non-resistant strains of golden staph under an electron microscope to learn that the latter infections had developed a mutation several

This paper explores the study of an unknown bacterial culture. The bacterium were randomly assigned in a double blinded fashion to alleviate scientific or experimental error in determining their gram stain, morphology, arrangement, and scientific classification. There were eight unknown bacterial cultures given, with the unknown bacterial culture being one of the eight bacterial cultures. A myriad of tests and experiments were performed on the unknown bacteria in order to be able to properly classify it. One of the first experiments that was performed was the gram stain. It was determined to be gram positive. The arrangement of the unknown bacteria was also noted on the gram positive slide. The slide showed grape like

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive cocci that forms grape like clusters, produces catalase, has a peptidoglycan and teichoic acid cell wall, and has a G + C content of DNA ranging from 30-40 mol%. An estimated 20% of the human population is long-term carriers of S. aureus, appearing in the nares of the nasal passages and also part of the natural skin flora which is the most common species of Staphylococcus to cause Staph infections. S. aureus is a successful pathogen due to a combination of nasal carriage and bacterial immuno-evasive strategies. S. aureus can cause minor skin infections, pimples, impetigo, boils or furuncles, cellulitis, folliculitis, carbuncles, scalded skin syndrome, and abscesses. Life-threatening diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome, bacteremia, and sepsis are also caused by pathenogenic S. aureus. Its extent ranges from skin, soft tissue, respiratory, bone, joint, and endovascular to wound infections. Nosocomial infections and often postsurgical wound infections are a commonly caused by S. aureus. S. aureus is also a prominent cause of food poisoning in the US, and can be transmitted by different foods, including milk and

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a spherical bacteria which is known to produce a cytotoxin called Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PLV) which destroys leukocytes, and kills tissue (Lina et al., 1999). Five percent of strains of Staphylococcus are known to produce the disease-causing toxin (Lina et al., 1999), but though the amount of PLV-producing strains is somewhat small, the strains which produce PLV are apparently resistant to vancomycin, an antibiotic commonly used to treat staph infections (CDC, 2002). The first recorded case of S. aureus resistance to vancomycin was a reduction in sensitivity to the antibiotic observed in Japan, and has since spread to the United States (CDC, 2002). The most common source of infection of these drug-resistant bacteria are actually in hospitals, wherein the patients are exposed to the bacteria and subsequently infected (CDC, 2002).

In our world we are surrounded by microorganisms, some are harmless, many are beneficial; they are a part of our normal flora on our skin and in our intestines, providing a barrier against microorganisms that may not be so harmless. It is important, however, to distinguish which microorganisms are potentially pathogenic from those that are not, and when someone does get ill to determine what the organism is so appropriate treatment can be determined.

Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccal bacterium which is estimated to have colonised 20-30% of the human population.1,2,3 S. aureus is normally found in the anterior nares and mucous membranes of these individuals. For the majority, this is not a problem as these people are colonised, not infected.2,3 However S. aureus is an opportunistic pathogen and if it contaminates a breach in the skin or mucous membranes, it can go on to infect any tissue in the body.3 Infection may lead to serious life threatening diseases such as pneumonia.4 Over time strains of S. aureus were able to develop resistance to antibiotics, resulting in strains known as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Janice was seen in the Infectious Diseases Clinic on December 4, 2013. As you recall, she was being treated for a very complicated methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infection which was multifocal in nature. She had several skin lesions including a carbuncle on the right lower leg, a septic right knee and a large subpectoral and subdeltoid collection on the left. Despite a history of penicillin allergy she was given a staged challenge with cloxacillin and tolerated this well. She has been on antimicrobial therapy since her initial presentation to hospital in early October. This constitutes approximately 9 weeks of IV antibiotic treatment as of today's visit.

Aureus has taken even our most effective medications and rendered them useless even among the Staphylococcus genus. Researchers have developed yet more drugs, Quinupristin-dalfopristin, and linezolid, the actively fight against drug-resistant staphylococci. “Both agents are protein synthesis inhibitors with a Gram-positive spectrum. Quinupristin-dalfopristin retains bactericidal antistaphylococcal activity if the strain is susceptible to erythromycin and lincosamide. Linezolid is bacteriostatic. Cross-resistance has not been noted for linezolid, but at least one clinical isolate has developed resistance during

Life History and Characteristics: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive bacterium that is usually found in the nasal passages and on the skin of 15 to 40% of healthy humans, but can also survive in a wide variety of locations in the body. This bacterium is spread from person to person or to fomite by direct contact. Colonies of S. aureus appear in pairs, chains, or clusters. S. aureus is not an organism that is contained to one region of the world and is a universal health concern, specifically in the food handling industries.

4.1 Antibacterial effect of honey on S. aureus The antibacterial activity of honey against S. aureus was slight as shown by the pale white inhibition zone around the diffusion wells (Figure 1). The inhibition zones of honey at concentrations of 100%, 50% and 25% were of 35, 35 and 31mm, respectively. The lowest concentration (25%) had the least diameter of 31 mm while those of the 50% and 100% concentrations had the same diameters of 35 mm each (Figure 1; Figure 2). Well defined zones of inhibition were observed around the honey wells cut into nutrient agar grown with E. coli.

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of hospital acquired and life-threatening infections. It has also emerged recently as a cause of community-acquired infections. MRSA strains were first detected shortly after the introduction of methicillin in the early 1960s. Methicillin resistance in staphylococci is mediated by an altered penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a), which confers resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and is encoded by the mecA gene on the mobile element, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). There are a variety of methods in diagnostic microbiology laboratories to identify

Staph or staph infection is caused by the bacteria staphylococcus aureus. It is very common and there are around three million cases of this in the United States each year. This is a gram positive bacteria which means that it has a thick cell wall and the stain used to see it is purple. It can be found on the surface of the skin or in the mucous membranes of humans and some animals. They reproduce asexually. This bacterium is transferable through skin to wound contact.

I enjoyed your post; thanks for sharing. My grandmother was a believer in home remedies, and she instilled in me the belief as well. As a young child, I suffered asthma. My grandmother would mix up her concoction of Jack Daniels liquor, honey, and coffee, and had me drink it before I went to bed. It did curtail the cough and improve breathing almost immediately. She was also a Mercurochrome fanatic, so any injury was treated promptly. I have got to say that none of us children experienced a methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection (MRSA). I believe the treatment was effective. Until this assignment, I never thought of all of the home remedies that I use, because using them is just instinct. I believe that people should