Standardized Patient Case Summary

Atrioventricular Canal Defect is an abnormality that causes the mixing of blood. There is a hole in center of heart where the wall between the upper and lower chambers meet. The tricuspid and mitral valves aren’t formed properly and one large valve crosses the defect. The defect lets oxygen rich blood pass to the heart’s right side and mix with deoxygenated blood, then go back to the lungs. Another abnormality is Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), where the walls of the upper chambers of the heart don’t close completely, causing a left to right movement of blood due to the higher pressure. The mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood may cause the right atrium and ventricle to enlarge due to the higher volume of blood.

The family decided to forego further tests knowing they would continue the pregnancy regardless. However, concerns began to emerge at the 20weeks gestation ultrasound that the unborn baby could have a hole in its heart. The family were referred to a cardiologist and paediatrician for further investigation, but no obvious signs of Down Syndrome, or a hole, were confirmed. The family knew such advice held no guarantee, yet still were surprised to discover 6 weeks after Sarah’s birth she had a Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defect – a condition that requires surgical repair to the heart.

Proper embryological development of the heart is crucial to proper functioning of the heart as an adult. The developing heart of a fetus follows several steps to ensure that the heart that develops has two way flow from atrium to ventricles to pulmonary or systemic circulation. While the steps in heart development are normally well controlled in a developing fetus, defects can arise and cause substantial problems postnatally. Specifically, when the embryological origin of the portioning between the left and right atria fails to develop normally, atrial septal defects can arise. Fortunately, there are surgicial options to prevent this defect and prevent interatrial mixing of oxygenated blood from the left atria with deoxygenated blood in the

Atrial septal defect(ASD) is a common congenital heart disease with a female-to-male ratio of approximately 2:1.The most common type of Atrial Septal Defect is a secundum defect which is characterized by a defect in the inter atrial septum which allows pulmonary venous return from the left atrium to pass directly to the right atrium. Normally the patients with Atrial Septal Defect remain asymptomatic up to third or fourth decade of life and in the middle age some clinical symptoms can be observed. A "shunt" is the presence of a net flow of blood through the defect, either from left to right or right to left. The amount of shunting actually determines the hemodynamic significance of the ASD. A "right-to-left-shunt" typically presents the more

On November 12, 2012, Dr. Stout was hand delivered a letter informing him the Practice was terminating the employment relationship at the close of business on January 11, 2013, as follows:

To avoid those long-term affects the patients should get an Atrial Septal Defect treated. To determine the plan for treatment the doctors look at the size of the hole. The affected person has to have wall for the device to attach to get the cardiac catheterizations. If the patient has little to no wall present then open-heart surgery is used to fix it (Dr. Martin personal communication May 11th,

Small defects usually cause none to few problems. Medium and large defects can cause more severe problems. These range from mild to life threatening complications. Pulmonary hypertension can last for years or a lifetime. It is a type of high blood pressure that affects arteries in the lungs and heart. It increases the blood flow to the lungs, affecting the lung arteries, which can cause them to become permanently damaged. This complication can cause the reversal of blood flow through the hole, which is Eisenmenger syndrome. Endocarditis is another complication that could come about, but it is less common and occurs more in adults. It is an infection of the heart’s inner lining, causing inflammation of the heart valve. This is only short-term, so it resolves within days or weeks. Lastly, other heart problems include abnormal heart rhythms and valve

DOI: 5/20/2008. Patient is a 56-year-old male steamfitter who sustained a work-related injury when the elevator where he was in free fell approximately 2 stories and landed on safety springs. He was jarred when the elevator car landed. Per OMNI, he was diagnosed with cervical and lumbar spine strain/sprain. He had a cervical spine surgery on 9/29/09 and lumbar spine surgery on 2/16/10.

The causes of ventricular septal defect, similar to other congenital heart diseases are multifactorial in origin, and they operate during the period of cardiac morphogenesis; they may only engage the heart, or even other organs and apparatus. The causal

Congenital heart disease include many different types of defects. Some of these defects are simple, such as a hole in the septum. Others, are more complex and severe that include combinations of simple defects, problems with the location of blood vessels leading to and from the heart and other serious problems with the development of the heart. The different types of defects ranging from simple to complex are holes in the heart (septal defects or atrial septal defects-ASD), Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA-abnormal blood flow occurs between the aorta and pulmonary artery), Narrowed valves

All personal information has been changed and there are no identifiers that could reveal the location of the two hospitals and the staff that took care of this patient to protect the confidentiality of all involved. Adele is a seventy-two year old wife, mother of five, and grandmother of ten. Adele is happily retired and lives on a large acreage with her husband Ron and their dog Perky. Adele

The standardized patient clinical experience was an overall a great learning tool. The simulation opened my eyes to different aspects of pediatric nursing. I enjoyed working with my standardized patient, and learned a lot about my nursing skills when dealing with a pediatric patient. I believe I interacted well with my patient, and displayed good patient safe communication techniques. I also made an observation in regards to my assessment techniques, they could use some improvement. For the next time I plan to further assess my patient’s physical wellbeing using sound clinical techniques.

The population of the students at Prospect Park Elementary School ranged from grades first to eighth. The age of the students ranged from six to 13 years of age. The ethnic background of the students varied; many of the them were Caucasian, followed by African-American. The diversity of ages within the student population afforded an opportunity to capitalize on the nursing skills obtained during the pediatric rotation. Certainly, the age of the students encountered during the clinical rotation turned out to be some of the more difficult ages to understand during the pediatric nursing course. The clinical rotation resulted in a positive outcome. A positive outcome was not initially anticipated.

It’s always a hard thing when you’re a parent and you get told that something’s wrong with your child. It’s even worse when it’s something that’s as bad as a heart issue. My brother, Tyler Rueter, 6 hours after he was born, was diagnosed with Pulmonary Atresia with a ventricular septal defect. For the next 6 months they’d have to go through an open heart surgery in Omaha and countless doctor visits. Pulmonary Atresia is a rare birth defect of the pulmonary valve inside of your heart. The pulmonary valve controls the blood flow from the right ventricle to the main pulmonary artery.

The heart is one of the most important organs in the entire human body. It is really nothing more than a pump, composed of muscle which pumps blood throughout the body, beating approximately 72 times per minute of our lives. The heart pumps the blood, which carries all the vital materials which help our bodies function and removes the waste products that we do not need. It is so essential to our survival that any malfunction or congenital or acquired defect can lead to major complications and possibly death. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is a congenital heart disease that affects the membranous part of the interventricular septum. A defect in the interventricular septum allows communication between the systemic and pulmonary circulations. As a result, flow moves from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure. In other words, blood flows from the left ventricle to the right ventricle, hence the name left-to-right shunt. There are various degrees of severity for this disease by having either a small or large shunt. Patients with a small shunt are asymptomatic and their life prognosis is very optimistic compared to those with a large shunt. In the latter case, a medium to large shunt increases pulmonary blood flow, which causes pulmonary disease and may cause cardiac failure. This congenital heart disease is the most common of form of congenital cardiovascular anomalies. Other forms of congenital heart disease (CHD) include atrial septal defect (ASD), pulmonary