Spin Bowling

Lacrosse is defined as a ball game invented by American Indians, now played by two teams who try to propel a ball into each other's goal by means of long-handled hooked sticks that are loosely strung with a kind of netted pouch (Farlex, Inc.). Behind every shot taken in a lacrosse game, elements of biomechanics are implemented. Biomechanics is the “sport science” field that applies the laws of mechanics (movements, body angles, joint positions, etc.), biomedical engineering, and physics (gravity, forces, velocities, etc.) to athletic performance (What is 3D Biomechanics).

Along with the throwing arm, one of the largest areas where injuries occur happens to be one of the largest parts of the body, the trunk. Trunk injuries have one of the highest percentages of any injuries in major league baseball. With the help of measurements that can be taken between the pelvis and upper trunk, Exercise Scientists are able to calculate measurements including the maximum trunk rotation and angular acceleration of the trunk. Front foot contact for pitching, and after ball contact for batters is the most demanding instance for the trunk and spine, thus placing more stress on those areas during that time. Although it is impossible to calculate the amount of stress the abdominal muscles repetitively go through during pitching

Moving along, to the second experiment, “How does force affect your game?” concludes that using a 10 pound ball applying strong force provides a velocity (m/s) of 3.2, a result of 25 (J) for the kinetic energy, and 5 bowling points

We practiced proper biomechanics to help me pitch better. Not only throwing properly is important but icing our arms after is important for relieving the pain after a game. The purpose of the bio mechanical pitching evaluation is to reduce the risk of injury or re-injury by addressing the efficiency of a pitcher's mechanics. The pitching computer program is then used to calculate the kinematics (body angles, joint velocities, and timing mechanisms) and kinetics (joint forces and torques). ( www.asmi.org/bioeval.php?page=bio_eval ).

The introductory section of this research emphasizes common types of injuries a collegiate baseball player may experience. Since it mainly focuses on the function of overhead-throwing motion, the emphasis on concentric internal rotator strength was utilized to crease the upper extremity plyometric program. Additionally, it is stated in the introduction that if the shoulders external rotator musculature is not strong enough, the athlete is more susceptible to shoulder injury.

In Hitting a Baseball: A Biomechanical Description, they mentioned that researchers have studied bat dynamics, and described the bat’s movement during the swing, using the software we use in class, the three-dimensional components of its motion (Welch, 193). The movement and coordination of the body during the swing has always been the most difficult thing to account for during this study. Compared to other movements, there hasn’t been many studies on the kinematics and kinetics of the baseball swing. In the Biomechanical Analysis of Baseball Hitting, they mentioned the analyzation of the relative angular movement of the bat prior to that sweet sound of laces and lumber. They found that the bat had a drastic increase in the rate of velocity before it made contact (Hirano, 21). Many other studies have been done, however, these two were the two journals that seemed to have the most reliable

Tennis serve is the shot that starts off the point. It is normally instigated by pitching the ball into the air and thumping it into the diagonally opposite service box exclusive of touching the net. This act is attained underhand or overhead. It is the only attempt where a player takes his time to position up, instead of reacting to an opponent’s shot. In doing this, high percentages of the efforts are normally exerted at the upper extremity of the body, while the rest at the lower extremity of the body. the serves comes in five main types of which includes; cannonball or flat serve, topspin-slice serve, slice serve, American twist serve and the topspin serve. The paper will focus on the some of the types of the serves and the ways in which the upper extremity are involved in the game. With this, it will look at the movements that occur at each of the upper extremity together with the muscles that are in use at the joints.

Hamstring strain injuries are one of the most common sport related injuries involving high speed, kicking movements (Marc. A., et al 2004). Despite there being evidence that hamstring strains occur at both stages of movements; the early stance phase where the muscle absorbs the most force as a result of high ground reaction and the late swing phase, the hamstrings eccentrically contract to absorb the kinetic energy and slow the lower limb putting the hamstrings under a large amount of stress (Schmitt. B., et al 2012)

A pitcher with a great amount of throwing power and technique can decrease the amounts of hits, and essentially limit the amounts of runs scored by the opposing team. Training for this type of athlete will include an incorporation of muscular endurance, muscular strength, muscular power, muscular power endurance, and flexibility, agility, and speed for maximal performance. Increasing each factor can help reduce the risk of injury by strengthening the muscles around the joints that are easily injured due to the amount of power and torque exerted on the tendons by each pitch (Wilk, Macrina, Fleisig, Aune, Porterfield, Harker, Evans, 2014). Several studies show the importance of strength and conditioning on injury prevention, however, pitchers with more balanced rotator cuff musculature may be at lower risk for injury and have a greater range of motion (ROM). Given the high demands placed on the shoulder in all defensive positions, professional baseball pitchers may be at higher risk of injury without proper conditioning due to constant usage. This can lead to the tightening of tendons and reduced ROM causing greater risk of injury. Although arm strength and power are important to increase a pitchers velocity, lower extremity strength and conditioning are also thought to be crucial in the transfer of energy during pitching and thus should be included for a pitchers success (Wilk,

The aim of this report is to analyse my overhand volleyball serve from a biomechanical perspective and compare it to an elite athlete’s overhand volleyball serve. Biomechanics is the sport science field that applies the laws of mechanics and physics to human performance, in order to gain a greater understanding of performance in athletic events through modelling, simulation and measurement. It is also necessary to have a good understanding of the application of physics to sport. In volleyball the applications of summation of forces, projectile motion and balance and stability have a major influence on the success and accuracy of an overhead serve.

The sport of bowling has a lengthy history packed with an evolution that has comprehensive rules; and is an indoor activity that has become one of the most popular sports in the world. It can easily be said that over 50% of Americans have bowled once in their lifetime, whether it was for a birthday party or on a date. However, many people bowl routinely without knowing anything about the interesting history of the game.

Aside from being one of the most accessible (and best!) sports out there, many aspects of bowling can be expressed with physics. Achieving maximum power, throwing a hook ball, and getting good pin action can all be broken down into physics issues and represented with equations. I will cover four aspects of bowling that can be explained with physics terms and show you how to use this knowledge to optimize your game.

The authors conducted this study to see how and when this ability in humans evolved by studying the mechanics used in throwing. They compared the mechanics of throwing of humans to that of chimpanzees. The authors said that previous studies found that the internal rotator muscles are responsible fort the power of the human throw. The investigators hypothesize that the elastic energy storage is the important source for this power. They also stated that other features of the human shoulder are important in storing this energy and

Biomechanics are essential in executing quality pitches in baseball. These are the wind up, stride, cocking phase, acceleration, arm deceleration, and follow through. The wind up focuses on leg raise and posture while storing energy for lateral motion. The stride involves the preparation of the shoulders and elbows for the cocking motion while stepping forward to plant the foot. The cocking phase involves external rotation of the throwing shoulder as the plant foot prepares for the body’s momentum going forward. The acceleration is a combination of the body’s truck and shoulder rotation going forward while the elbow, forearm and wrist increase velocity and angle. Lots of force is placed on the throwing arm. Arm deceleration involves the release of the ball and the relaxing of the muscles. Finally, the follow through is the body’s natural movement from the energy applied to move forward and a leg kick is used to keep the body stable.

The law of motion is Newton’s first law of physics that relates to inertia. This law state that an object will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain in motion (rotating, moving straight) unless acted upon by external forces. This and the law, conservation of momentum, explain how the rotation occurs in the air. If you 're rotating, you 'll keep rotating unless a twisting force, or torque, acts to stop you. In other words if you 're not rotating, you can 't rotate unless a torque starts you rotating. Both of these apply to when snowboarders and skateboarders are in the air doing tricks. In relation to athletes it means that they will stay rotating and moving in an upward direction if it weren’t for external forces such as gravity which helps decelerate them at 9.8ms-2 until they reach a final velocity of 0ms-1 and other external forces such as air resistance/friction that help slow down the