Spider Monkeys Lab Report

PURPOSE: The purpose of this experiment is to encourage discrimination in rat #4, to measure how the rat distinguishes between pressing the lever when a light is on, and when it is off. Discrimination is the tendency for behavior to occur in situations that are very similar to the one in which the behavior was learned, but not in situations that differ from it. Therefore, as the lamp light was on while the rat was learning to press the lever in previous experiments, the tendency for the rat to discriminate when the light is on, or off, will be measured in this experiment.

The first focal animal I chose to observe was a female adult spider monkey named Gumbelina who was sitting with a few of the other monkeys that were all sitting and grooming each other. She seemed to be very relaxed and won’t

According to Primate Info Net, there are seven species of spider monkeys recognized with the Black Spider Monkey included. The Black Spider Monkey is the largest of them all. These adorable monkeys have long, shiny black hair covering their bodies, except for the face, which is red or pink. One thing that makes these monkeys stand out against other monkeys is their long, prehensile (defined as "capable of grasping") tails. With this fifth limb, they have more stability when resting in trees and grasping branches. For extra ease in swinging through the trees, they have an extra mobile shoulder joint. These monkeys are large, but with a slender frame, a "pot belly" and spidery limbs (which is where their name comes from). Male spider monkeys are typically 52-58 cm in length, with their tail can grow to be as long as 72-85 cm by itself. Females are usually 49-62 cm with a tail length of 64-93 cm long.

One of the prevailing theories about why primates have such good color vision is that it allowed them to pick out fruits against the green backgrounds of forests and jungles (Osorio et al., 2004). New World monkey color vision is an evolutionary puzzle because the same evolutionary pressures for finding food should act similarly on both sexes.

In experiment 1, participants were instructed to press a key to determine if the stimulus was red, blue, yellow, or green. On the second half of the experiment, the stimulus appeared in grey with only one colored letter which was positioned randomly. Error rates for the experiment were below 2.5% for each condition, which is quite low. Experiment 2 was the same as experiment 1 except that there were 114 data collections instead of 288 and there were 36 practice trials instead of 72. According to experiment 1 and 2 it is suggested that the effect of

The experiment used the same red and green stimuli in each trial instead of other opponent colors such as black and white or blue and yellow. The small sample size studied could have also lead to random variation in the results.

This experiment was conducted by surveying ninety-six people, 48 males and 48 females, to complete a short survey. The survey asked them if they were color blind and whether they were male or female. They were then given five color cards (blue, green, pink, purple and yellow) and ordered the sample colors from their favorite to least favorite on a scale of 1-5.

Training Color Discrimination in Hermit Crabs In our previously conducted reinforcer assessment, two hermit crabs were repeatedly observed climbing up the corners of the apparatus during what appeared to be attempted escapes from the assessment. If they were approached by a human hand reaching into the apparatus to block the climbing behavior, they were observed retreating back into their shells to avoid contact. Although the purpose of the reinforcer assessment was to determine whether or not preferred edibles would effectively increase instances of the crabs stepping onto a square of wax paper, the hermit crabs were rarely observed consuming the edibles once on the designated square. Instead, contact with the wax paper square appeared to

The researchers will conduct match to sample behavioral experiments to assess color vision of spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi; n=4). The animals’ abilities to discriminate two test apparatus of varying color (red, green, and blue) and their abilities to correctly choose the sample that matches the original color will be tested. Additionally, the gender link component in color perception of primates will be analyzed by testing both sexes of monkeys. Ultimately, if the animal is able to match at rate greater than that of chance, each monkeys’ individual color vision will be detectible. The limitations of this study is the young age of one of the monkeys. Future studies could run the same experiment with other species of New World monkeys.

Patients tend to correctly identify shape, color, and motion of inputs. In a forced choice experiment, where the subject is asked to identify certain features of a visual cue, the subject will perform much better than chance even though they feel as if they are randomly guessing (2).

Nothing can cause us to turn into a ninja faster than running into a web. The thought of being anywhere near the vicinity of these little eight legged creatures can cause fight or flight mode. Whether you choose to grab your shoe and kill both the spider and everything around it or you would rather jump on a couch and contemplate burning down the house, knowing what you’re dealing with can help. Safety First Pest Control is here to explain how to identify a dangerous spider. Study these tips on different spiders and you’ll be ready to take on whatever nature throws at you.

“Chameleons are well known for their colorful appearance and their ability to change colors. Although tetrachromatic color vision has been proven, UV-reflecting color patterns have not been studied in chameleons so far. The study presented here provides preliminary data on UV-reflecting color patterns in chameleons. Three Malagasy chameleon species (Furciferpardalis, Furciferlateralis and Furciferoustaleti) were investigated in terms of UV-reflectance of color patterns, using a fiber optic spectrophotometer. We show that several body regions reflect in the UV spectrum, i.e. within 300-400 nm. Functions of the reflectance in UV

The hands are hook-like, with four elongated, curved, fingers.” (The author) then goes on to describe how the thumb of the brown spider monkey is “reduced,” which is helps in swinging and gripping branches while the monkey travels in the upper canopy of the rainforest. The coloration of brown spider monkeys ranges from light to dark brown on the upper parts of their body and their head, while the inside of the arms and legs is a slightly lighter color of brown. Some individuals of the brown spider monkey population also possess the conspicuous characteristic of a white triangular forehead patch. Behaviorally, the brown spider monkey is a diurnal and very social species. They live in what are known as “fission-fusion” societies in which smaller groups, up to about 30 members, are formed during the day. Male spider monkeys usually travel in all male groups while females travel with other females and their offspring, though it is not necessarily unusual to find a brown spider monkey traveling or foraging alone. At night, brown spider monkeys sleep in trees in the high canopy away from most predators. They choose a location to sleep that is near a fruit tree so they do not have to travel far the next day to find food. Differences in sizes of these groups occur due to varying availability of fruit. When fruit is abundant, the groups tend to be larger and when the amount of fruit is limited they

In evolutionary terms colour and the way it is perceived is an important aspect. Sumner and Mollon (2000a) conducted research looking into the photopigments and the detection of targets. They found that the L/M subsystem provides an advantage for the detection of fruits and leaves. This led them to their conclusion that finding these foods may have been an essential selective advantage in the original development and maintenance of primate trichromacy, and thus the process of colour perception can be beneficial to primates. Despite having the same visual system, the research is problematic as it was conducted on animals, and thus the findings may not be the same when applying it to the human concept of colour vision. Further support towards the evolutionary basis of colour perception comes from Bompas, Kendall and Sumner (2013) who found that normal trichromats made faster responses and fewer errors than their colour deficient competitors. This shows that colour is an important aspect and both of these research findings combined suggest enhanced survival due to the way in which colour is

Answer: It should been done after project. The reason is normally managers got the data after R&D projects before they make the decision of profit. The profit was not certain before and during R&D projects.