Sound Reproduction Chapter 1 Study Guide

Have you ever wondered the differences between deaf and hearing cultures? Last week I had a chance to watch "See What I Mean" and this video gave me a humorous and enlightening look at the differences between them. In this movie "See What I Mean", issues such as attitudes toward time, taking time to say goodbye, complain about the use of phones and pagers, sharing information, giving and receiving criticism, and comments on personal appearance are explored and humorously discussed from the point of view of both cultures.

Hi Amy. I have just wanted to expand on your post. In the beginning of chapter 10, Sacks explores medical history. He argues that the course taken by sound vibrations, from their entry into the external ear canals, through the eardrums on either side to the small bones, the ossicles, of the center ear, to the snail-molded cochlea, was initially worked out in the seventeenth century. It was believed then that sounds were transmitted by the ear, becoming enhanced in the cochlea "as in a musical instrument." After a century, it was found that the tapered shape of the cochlear spiral was differentially tuned to the scope of discernable frequencies, responsive to low sounds at its wide base, high sounds at its narrow apex. At last, by 1700, it was

In the documentary “Through Deaf Eyes” narrated by Stockard Channing’ presents the history of Deaf Life in the United States. By the way of powerful interviews with Gallaudet University President Dr. I. King Jordan, well-known members of the Deaf community, and actors Marlee Matlin and Bernard Bragg, as well as historians, and other deaf individuals. However, this is an eye-opening film which unwraps Deaf Life’s facts, Deaf cultures, and interesting new perspectives in the Deaf society.

The article “Best of H+: Cochlear Implants and the Deaf culture: A Transhumanist Perspective” by Shaikat Hossain, is a doctoral student in the cognition and neuroscience at the University of Texas, discusses the social issues of cochlear implants. In the article Hossain aims to enlighten the readers with the “ethical, social and philosophical issues”(Hos. 1) concerning the Deaf community and the people who supports cochlear implants. The author that wrote the article is mainly targeting readers that has minor or no intellect revolving around the history of cochlear implants and the development of people receiving cochlear implants because people are mostly obviously to see the struggle of the deaf community’s extinction. The article primarily displays the logical appeals, use reason to make an argument with evidence and data. Hossain used multiple ways to mold the reader to persuade the readers to continue reading the article, some of these techniques are using factual data to insure the reader that it’s accurate information coming from a reliable source such as in the article “(Osberger et al., 2000; Garnham et al, 2002; Skinner et al., 1994…).”(Hos. 2) The author is achieving its goal to grab the readers attention by addressing the appositional views, the attitude that was provided in article while having the logical appeals shown.

“The Voice of the Natural World” is an intriguing and worrying TED Talk by natural sounds expert Bernie Krause. Krause explores the fundamental properties of sound in the natural world, presenting the ideas of geophony, biophony, and antrophony. Krause also explores some unexpected results which showcase the effects of humans within this natural harmony.

Audism is a term used to describe a specific form of discrimination in which a group of people deem themselves as superior based on one’s ability to perceive sound; this prejudice extends by subsequently oppressing those who lack the ability to hear— denying opportunities, experiences, and equality— which ultimately attempts to undermine a unique culture that thrives on the expertise to communicate without the use of spoken language. The film Audism Unveiled reveals the frustrating and long lasting effects of oppression against those who lack the ability to hear. By watching the film and understanding the strained relationship between the hearing world and the deaf community, I have come to learn the significance of deaf culture and the importance

There are many things that people in the hearing world take for granted every day, such as verbal communication, using a telephone or something as simple as the feeling you get when your favorite song comes on the radio. To a person that has been completely immersed in the deaf community, it may be easy to view the sense of sound as unnecessary. As a member of the haring community it would seem nearly impossible to live a day without sound. Cochlear implants are devices that help a person who is deaf gain hearing to some degree, and in some cases nearly full hearing. This new technology has become very controversial throughout both the hearing, and the deaf world.

Chapter 1- 3 made me chance the way I listen to music; I did not realize all the elements needed to make music; such as, the sound, Rhythm, melody, and harmony, this essential elements work together perfectly to make music. Moreover, Key, texture, and form are elements that structured music. Key or tonality states to the central note; notes in a specific scale (Major Scale or Minor Scale) are used by melodies. Additionally, there are three basic musical textures monophony, polyphony, and homophony. the way in which music ideas are systematized is called form; the most common music forms are the ternary form and binary form. Finally, chapter 3 explains all types of instruments by the type of sound they produce

In the article “Against Headphones”, Virginia Heffernan, a writer and to critic, claims 1 in 5 children are going deaf because of the overuse of headphones. She supports her claim by first stating facts about a study about “people who habitually blast MP3 players”. Then she provides the history of headphones. Then, she talks about in the 50’s men were drowning out their families with headphones. Lastly, she states her claim and tells people too “Make it a New Year’s resolution, then, to use headphones less”. Heffernan s purpose of this article is to inform the reader of the dangers of using headphones too loudly and too long in order to get them to use them less.

One commonly known type of overtone sing is Polyphonic overtone singing, a technique which produces two notes in perfect harmony. The lower of the two is generated by the vibrations of vocal folds in the larynx which is the same process for everyday speech. This sound wave is a fundamental frequency, as it has the longest wavelength that will fit inside the resonant cavity formed by the speaker’s mouth and throat. Produced alongside this low note are numerous overtones or harmonics, waves with higher frequencies that can also fit into the body’s cavity a whole number of times. By moving the tongue, lips and soft palate, the shape of the cavity can then be adjusted so as to isolate individual overtones at will. Ordinarily, this process occurs with the vibration of the larynx to produce a single

In recent years attempts, have been made to break through the barriers between the deaf and the hearing world” (Groce, 104). The cochlear implant represents an effort to unite the deaf and hearing world, but deaf culture rejects it because technology symbolizes the establishment of a cultural barrier in deaf communities. For example, deaf children of hearing parents don’t consider themselves part of the deaf culture because they get the cochlear implant at a young age. As a result, these children do not learn about the deaft culture and are not expose to the deaf community.

I feel like the film SOUND, AND FURY is a fascinating film which looks at the often overlooked deaf culture in contemporary society. By following two families, the film looks at how the societal pressures and the impacts of the cochlear implant have on deaf families, and deaf culture. For years, deaf individuals have been told they are less than or different, and after years of stigmatization, and ill treatment many people have become part of deaf culture, which does not look at deafness as a disability, but rather a different way of life. For parents, the option of giving their deaf child a cognitive implant means that they would be able to hear, and thus, grow up communicating through auditory channels with the outside world. While for many parents, this seems like a gift, many families feel like it is shaming deaf culture, affirming beliefs that deafness is something to be ashamed of, and disconnect them from deaf culture. In the film, we see the Artinian family, who has family members over three generations in Long Island, New York, who have hearing exceptionalities. Within the movie, we mainly see the lives of the two very different Artinian brothers. One brother Peter, who is married to a deaf woman, has a deaf daughter and was born deaf. The other brother does not have congenital deafness but married a woman whom also has connections to deaf culture, with two parents who are deaf. This couple has two twin boys one who is deaf and one who can hear. In the film, we see

There is a deep historical element to Deaf culture that includes residential schools and shared experiences of which are too vast for the scope of this paper; however, I will point out some of the elements which are considered to be nuances of the

Heffernan also illustrates how headphones work, stating, “when an audio current passes through the device’s voice coil, it creates an alternating magnetic field that moves a stiff, light diaphragm” (Heffernan, 2011). Describing the history of headphones and how the technology works portrays Heffernan as a reasonable author with a deep understanding of her subject matter, which earns the trust and respect of the audience.

The ears are one of the most complex and interesting systems thats human body has and the sounds we hear are actually in many different parts deflected, absorbed, and also filtered by our different body parts. It's then collected by our pinnae (the external part of or ears), whose dimensions further affect the sound on its way into ear. There, vibrations are translated into signals, which are interpreted by your brain. In the 1930s, two scientists at Bell Labs, Harvey Fletcher and Wilden A. Munson researched this process and what they discovered has changed and affected how we as humans understand the hearing process.