Sor Juana Chapter 1 Summary

Few historical figures from the period of colonial Mexico tower as high as Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. Sor Juana was a criolla woman who lived from 1651 to 1695. She was born as an illegitimate child but was eventually taken in by the Mexican viceroy’s family. A voracious reader as a child, Sor Juana tirelessly pursued an educating herself. As a young woman, she chose to enter into the cloister so that she could avoid marriage and thus devote herself to her scholarship. She became a prominent writer and her works were widely read in both New Spain and Spain. However, in 1990 she published one of her most famous works: “Reply to Sor Philothea”. This critique of a sermon written by a prominent member of the Church proclaimed the ability of women to participate in intellectual pursuits. Facing intensifying pressure from the Church, Sor Juana publically renounced her work before her death in 1965. Sor Juana’s story was shaped by the societal rules governing gender, race, and class during Mexico’s colonial period and, despite the effort of many to consign her voice to oblivion, she holds tremendous influence upon modern Mexican culture and feminist thought.

The hero who abolished the inquisition was Jose de la Serna, who lived from 1770 –1832. He was a respected Spanish general and colonial official of Peru. He was the last Spanish viceroy of Peru to exercise effective power from January 29, 1821 to December 1824. He carried out orders as the viceroy to negotiate for a peaceful settlement of Peru which would not allow the Roman Catholic church inquisition to be a part of it.

Although there were not many women in the film, those who were portray held important roles. The first being Dona Isabel or Tecuichpo, the interpreter for Hernan Cortes and sister of Topiltzin. She is first introduced when Topiltzin is brought in front of Cortes. As is stated in the film, she is the replacement for La Malinche or Dona Marina. As is stated in Socolow’s The Women in Colonial Latin America, “She (La Malinche) showed her gratitude to the

In 1877, the last federal troops from the South were withdrawn, allowing Republican administrations in those states to collapse, thus ending this period of Reconstruction. The Reconstruction era ended similar to as it began, embroiled in violence and controversy, as white southerners were unhappy with the progress, albeit very limited progress, African Americans had achieved during the Reconstruction period. Thus, white Southerners made it their goal to undermine the limited advancements African Americans had made, restore conservative white political power, and reinstitute the southern way of life built upon the age-old concepts of white supremacy and Black inferiority. So, by the 1890s white southerners had implemented a reign of terror,

This essay will be examining the literary work of Columbus, De Las Casas, and Villagra to understand the individual viewpoints and the true motives of the Spanish Conquistadors. Christopher Columbus attempted to hide his desire for wealth and power behind the idea that all his actions were justified because he was acting out God’s will. Additionally, Gaspar Perez De Villagra thought that his mission of establishing a colony in New Mexico and converting the Native Americans would be successful because God was on the Conquistadors’ side. At first, Bartolome De Las Casas accepted the horrible behavior of the Conquistadors, but he began to realize that the Conquistadors were doing the opposite of God’s work. Bartolome De Las Casas rejected the

It was in the year 1800 that the inquisition became suspicious of Hidalgo. He was denounced by Fray Joaquin Huesca for unorthodox utterances. A report issued thereafter by the Michoacan commissioner claimed that “Hidalgo was a most learned man who had ruined himself with gambling and women, that he had read prohibited books and while a professor of theology he had taught from Jansenist works.”[15] As no hard evidence of these accusations surfaced, the paperwork was filed away for future reference.

With Sor Juana's developing eminence, be that as it may, came objection from the congregation: in November 1690, the priest of Puebla distributed (under the alias a cloister adherent) without her assent Sor Juana's Scrutinize of a $0 year old sermon by a Portuguese Jesuit minister, and counseled Sor Juana to concentrate on religious examinations rather than common

The extent of Cordova's debriefing on the intersection of gender with the aforementioned themes is in relation to the hagiographers preference in imagery of the penitent and discalced nuns over imagery of the crowned nuns. The reason being that the crowned nuns threatened the Counter-Reformation efforts of orthodoxy and had the power to "… threaten male ecclesiastical power if left unchecked" (Cordova 164). However, what Cordova fails to note in both the popularization of imagery like the Virgin of Guadalupe and the crowned nuns, is the significance in their depiction as not only females idols, but chaste female idols. Their chastity is an integral characteristic of their being and womanhood, which is reflective of the Enlightenment era's emphasis on creating defined gender roles, pushing beyond the mere difference in genitalia to describe anatomical depth. The female gender was subsequently subscribed to the importance of their modesty and chastity. Therefore, the aggrandization of female religious icons is not just symptomatic of the plight of New Spain to develop a unique and respected identity, but is also in direct relation to the enforcement of strict gender conformant. These two

The seminary was in a fury of activity. Some had distributed pamphlets supposedly penned by Don Carlos, calling for all faithful Spaniards to rise in support for his claim to the throne. The bishop of Toledo had announced his support for the Don’s claim, there was even a rumor that the Pope would soon announce his support as well.

Her literary work highlighted her intelligence and creativity, exceeding the restrictive societal roles for women during her time. In her poem, "Primero sueo," Sor Juana talked about themes such as feminism, science, and theology, thereby making a lasting impression on arts and literature. However, Sor Juana's achievements did not shield her from the societal repression and censorship that women faced during the colonial period. Driven by her quest for intellectual freedom, Sor Juana confronted her critics, primarily the Catholic Church, which held a pretty huge influence over her life. Despite this, she stayed committed to her convictions, forever changing society's perception of women as worthy contributors to the arts and the wider world of

While on this expedition, Onate’s second in command, Don Juan de Zaldivar Onate and ten other soldiers were killed by the Pueblo Indians. Wanting revenge for the death of his second in command, Onate wrote instructions on how to punish the entire Pueblo tribe. His plan was to capture all the Pueblo Indians, burn down their homes and kill all the men of fighting age. To make sure the rest of the tribe understood who was in charge and complied with their orders, the executions were going to be held in front of them. Onate, a Catholic, did this heinous act in the name of God stating “All the aforesaid you will fulfill with proper diligence and care in order that God and his majesty may be served, and this offense punished.”. After this was accomplished he wanted all the Pueblos to submit to the faith he murdered their family in the name

Juanita Do you know who Juanita was? Juanita was the great Inca girl who was chosen to sacrifice her life. It was a significant moment for her parents that their daughter had been chosen by priests to be paid as an offering to the Inca gods but it was less ideal her. She was about the age of 11-15 ,when she was forced to die, on the day of her sacrifice she had to eat coca leaves, corn beer and on the top of it she had to drink Alcohol . then after this she was commanded to sit on a blanket on the top of Mount Ampato. Where the priest came and hurted her in the head with a massive object like a baseball bat , After this they held a funeral and offered her body a lot of things as an offering to god before burying her . She was dressed up in

John Steinbeck’s ultimate theme of survival of the fittest through fight or flight responses in the face of fear is best shown in his novel “Of Mice and Men” through Curley and his wife’s individual yet overlapping conflicts. Though never actually seen interacting in the novel, Curley and his wife’s goals, defense mechanisms, and coping skills stand in direct opposition of each other. They both face their greatest fears and have their ability to survive tested, but, guided by their stance as either fight or flight characters, only one survives.

Taking into account of many Americans, the act of reading is not apart of our daily lives as it was many years ago. Instead, the media has taken over and leaves us at a disadvantage of developing our minds. The level of proficiency, “Fell significantly between 1992 and 2005, from 40 percent… to 35 percent (Chronicle).” In spite of that, reading gives us the opportunity to get different perspectives, learn valuable lessons, and engage emotions that might not be sparked otherwise. The list can go on and on, however, even with all of these great benefits, the literacy rate in America is continuing to drop.

Huitzilopochtli (hummingbird of the left or of the south) was the Sun and War god. We were instructed to leave our home and depart on an expedition to find the promise land. Our god spoke prophecy to us and told us about his vision. He told us when we saw an eagle perched on a prickly pear cactus devouring a snake that we would reach our new home, the place we would build our powerful empire. After a centuries voyage, in 1325, we reached the Lake of Texcoco, in the middle of it there was an island and on this island low and behold Huitzilopochtli prophecy that was spoken over us was fulfilled. There was an eagle on a cactus eating a snake. We had finally reached our promise land where we ended our vigorous pilgrimage and found our resting place and home of our new dominant kingdom. We called it Tenochtitlan, place of the prickly pear.