Sophie Germain's Contribution To The Middle Age Of Paris

Julia was born in 1914 in Puerto Rico, as a young child she had a burning passion for literature and language. By the age of 19 she had already graduated from a university and then joined the

Over centuries women have been objectified, meaning they have been treated as objects valued mostly for their physical attributes, rather

Life for women back then was unimaginable. Men did not believe that women were capable of

During the nineteenth century, Paris further developed into the entertainment capital of the world. Alistair Horne, the author of the Seven Ages of Paris, vividly illustrates several historical moments that occurred in Paris. Through the horrors and triumphs, Paris was able to endure through it all for ages and still emerge greater than before. In comparison, Vanessa R. Schwartz, the author of Spectacular Realities: Early Mass Culture in Fin-de-siècle, demonstrates how the explosive popularity of the boulevard, the newspapers, wax museums, panoramas, and early cinema led to the creation of a new culture in Paris. Driven by consumerism, a cultural revolution was happening, who’s new culture transcended gender and class divisions. Both authors

Some aspects of the lifestyle ancient civilizations lived almost seem appalling or intolerable when compared to the very developed and carefully shaped the world inhabited today. One of these characteristics of previous societies that prove to be rather challenging to conceive in current times consists of the lack of rights, privileges, and equity women had. Society maintained this assumption of a man’s superiority up until the women’s rights movement of the early twentieth century; yet with the two sexes essentially equal in America today, imagining a restricted life as a female proves unfathomable. Looking back at the history of human kind, men almost always subdued women and treated them as property. When focusing on the first

Women are overly sexualized all the time throughout history and modern day times. From personal knowledge, back then women were not allowed to

Women did many things to get men's approval. An example of that is foot binding, when mothers bound the daughter's feet to make them look smaller. It caused great pain and diseases. However, it was

Marie de France lived in a time when social graces were paramount to a good reputation, lordships and to securing good marriages. A woman was considered less valuable if she lost her virginity; a wife was subjected to her feudal lord, father, brother or son after her husband’s death. According to Angela Sandison’s article “The Role of Women in the Middle Ages”, this was because in the Middle Ages the Church and the aristocracy controlled public opinion and the legal system. These authorities of the times believed a woman’s place was in a submissive role to a man. In The Lay of the Nightingale, we will see how this social and religious hierarchy will impact the behaviors of the three people involved.

Despite her achievements, in 1829, she discovered that she had breast cancer. She continued her work and published “her deeds on the curvature of elastic surfaces and also published principles of examination that later led to the discovery of the laws of equilibrium and the movement of elastic solids.” (Famous Mathematicians-Sophie Germain) In addition, one of her earliest mentors, Gauss, convinced the University of Gottingen to give Sophie an honorary degree, but before she could receive it, she died on June 27,1831, at the age of 55 to only be seen as a single woman with no

After the creation of man, life went on, but all was not well. Both Hesiod and Genesis reveal that an evil was introduced into the world. This evil was woman. Hesiod saw women as the root of evil. This is clearly seen in his Theogony when he reveals “He had fashioned the beautiful evil in recompense for the blessing of fire . . . For from her came the race of the female sex, the ruinous tribe of women”(Hesiod Theogony 585-595). This excerpt shows that even before woman was created; they were intended to

an independent lifestyle. It was very uncommon and shamed for women to fend for themselves,

During this period in time, men had dominated with power and control over women. Women were seen as weak and powerless, therefore it was assumed and expected of women to obey the

Women were always seen as being inferior or “weak” to men; that they couldn’t do the same things men did because they lacked the physical strength to do so. Because women were physically inferior, it became easy to oppress them due to this difference in power.

  Women were once little more than slaves to their male "betters." Some women might have been respected, but their places were limited to roles as wives and mothers. They might rule a home, but were not believed intelligent enough for any other role. This chauvinistic attitude is well reflected in the novels Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, and Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad.

“In order to compensate for what men cannot do, they tell women that they may not do other things. Pregnancy, birthing, and nursing have always constituted a “no-man’s land.” In response to this circumstance, men have, throughout history and across cultures, set up a variety of “no-woman’s lands”: war, politics, clergy, business, men’s clubs, and so forth. From which activities women are excluded varies from one culture to another, but some form of exclusion can be found in all societies.” (2000, McElvaine, Robert S.; Eve's Seed : Biology, the Sexes, and the Course of Human History, p. 13 McGraw-Hill; Retrieved from: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/ashford/Doc?id=10152855)