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Sonnet X By John Donne Analysis

Decent Essays

Socrates once said: “[...]For anything that men can tell, death may be the greatest good that can happen to them: but they fear it as if they knew quite well that it was the greatest of evils. And what is this but that shameful ignorance of thinking that we know what we do not know?” (“Socrates”) Sonnet X by John Donne discusses the idea that people fear death without just cause, simply because humans are terrified of that which they cannot comprehend. In his poem, Donne communicates this messages by means of conceit, personification, and witty wordplay.
Donne is known for writing metaphysical poetry; his writing included lots of conceits, and Sonnet X is no exception. The metaphysical conceit featured in this poem compares death to sleep. “From rest and sleep, which but thy pictures be, / Much pleasure; then from thee much more must flow,” (Donne. Lines 5-6) This couplet articulates that, because death is merely a stronger, much more permanent version of sleep, it should not be feared; if sleep is pleasurable, then why should death not be viewed similarly? After all, as Donne continues in lines 11 and 12, sleep induced by drugs such as opium, which is derived from poppies, and charms can provide rest akin to or even better than death. So why then, the speaker asks in line 12, is Death so prideful? The following mention of sleep takes a religious angle; “One short sleep past, we wake eternally” (Line 13) refers to the interim between a person’s death and Judgement Day, when the soul proceeds to Heaven to “live eternally,” provided the person lived a righteous lifestyle. Thus, this line means that death is not the end, per se, but rather the beginning of eternal life in Heaven. While Donne was not the first to compare death and sleep, this conceit helps communicate that death should not be feared, for it is much the same as sleep, and marks the beginning of one’s eternal stay in the Pearly Gates.
Wordplay and wit are abundant in Sonnet X; in several instances, the word “death’ is used in three different ways in the same line! The poem is an apostrophe, the speaker is directing his words at Death, so obviously, there is personification throughout. This, along with metaphors and other figures of speech, allows

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