Solidarity Movement And Polish Revolution

During his Papacy, Pope John XXIII published several encyclicals promoting world peace(Pacem in Terris) and increasing the consciousness of one’s dignity and rights of workers, women and newly independent nations (Mater et Magisterum). Pacem in Terris was addressed to the whole world and received warmly by Christians and non-Christians alike. It altered thinking about the Cold War and initiated the resurgence of Catholic social teaching.

A major factor in the emergence of the workers’ opposition movement also was the support of the Catholic Church and the Pope specifically. In September of 1976, the bishops of the Catholic Church in Poland called for the government and party to “fully respect civil rights and conduct a real dialogue with society” while also demanding that they stop all repression of workers involved in the protests of June 1976. (Doc 5) The fierce and somewhat scolding tone in which the demands are made show the Catholic Church’s unwavering support for the Polish workers’ opposition. It is not surprising, however, that a group of Catholic bishops would demand better treatment for the Polish workers because, as members of the church, they would naturally be in favour of social justice. The value of having the Catholic Church support the movement manifests itself in the fact that the Polish communist party begins to require all teachers to tell students that the pope is “an enemy” and “dangerous” man who only wishes to charm the crowd. (Doc 7) This response to the pope’s support demonstrates that the party itself realised that the church could have tremendous impact on the turnout of the opposition. By the 1980s, a coalition of independent trade unions, known as Solidarity, was established in Gdansk. The photograph of Lech Walesa and other

On May 18, 1920, in a small Polish town just outside of Wadowice, a child was born to Karol Wojtyla (1879-1941, and Emilia Kaczorosks (1884-1929). His name was Karol Jozef Wojtyla. Little did his parents know that one day their child was destined not only to become a priest and a bishop, but the 264th pope of the Roman Catholic Church, and only the second non-Italian pope.

The Catholic Worker Movement worked on problems dealing with social justice. Day once said, “We believe that Christ went beyond natural ethics and the Old Dispensation in this matter of force and war and taught nonviolence as a way of life” (Celebrating).” From reading quotes from her like this one you understand that the reason she participated in civil disobedience was because of her religion. She went by what was right in God’s eyes not what was right legally, she explained this when she quoted St. Peter (Acts 5:29) “It is better to obey God than men”

Civilizations are constructed and inhabited by people. No matter where they come from, the color of their skin or the language they speak they have the right to coexist. Immigrants from all around the world have come to one great nation to live the dream. America was founded by immigrants which today are now naturalized citizens by birth and that have several generations of families. The American population will always continue to grow not with the naturalized births but with the arrival of immigrants.

For centuries, Popes had ruled Europe more like Kings than religious leaders. Hugely political, they had alliances and enemies, commanding armies and waging war. Whilst the church was a religious group, it had enormous influence in areas of politics and economics, the Pope often allowing a marriage to be broken so that kings and powerful lords could better their political standing. People saw the unnecessary power that the papacy wielded, the power to make or break nations. For over a century, early reformers such as John Wyclif and Jan Hus had expressed doubts about the honesty and

They cited the fact that Pope Pius IX used the full weight of the Catholic Church to quell the many revolutions throughout Europe in 1848 by siding with the multitude of Catholic monarchies being demonstrated against (pp. 23-24). To Protestants in America, this effectually made him, and the church he represented, an enemy of the Natural Rights of Man of which the American Revolution was embedded upon (Billington, 1938). Similarly, American papers carried the words of hot-headed Protestant ministers, who shouted from their pulpits that Catholicism was an [the] ally of tyranny, and the enemy of all personal

Because most of the Poles are Catholics (95%)the traditional forms of Polish life have grown out of the spirit of Christian Faith. Their high points, in all their wealth and diversity, are marked out by the Church calendar in its yearly cycle. The Catholics’ doctrines have very strong influence on Polish people, their all moral and ethic question are answered by religion, in the circle of Decalogue. In America people generally are more self-creative and more free, to make their own decisions. I think the reason is, because here, in United

and after Wojtyła’s hard work, the Communists issued a permit to allow a church; four years

In his 2009 Cairo address, President Obama sought to recognize the growing tension present in relations between the United States and the Muslim world, while separating himself from past U.S. policy regarding the Middle East. Due to a tumultuous history of conflict between the U.S. and Middle Eastern nations, the rhetoric employed by Obama, while a step in the right direction, was insufficient alone to effectively improve relations. The conflicts that exists between the United States and the Middle East are more grounded in policy differences than religious or cultural ones, although the tendency of the general public is to believe otherwise. Despite this, different ideologies do make common ground difficult to reach, and a fifty minute speech

This paper will discuss Pope John Paul II’s role in the fall of communism in Germany and his native Poland through in depth research and an analysis of biographical research.

People faced the rise and the fall of the Catholic Church during the medieval time. The Popes used to hold the final authority for the church and over the state. Pope Gregory VII asserted the Pope had granted the divine power from God because Saint Peter was the first of getting this

The term “Arab Spring” has emerged in academic literature as well as in the general media from about early 2011. It refers to the “awakening” of some Arab nations and the movements to replace authoritarian regimes with democratic ones. The theme of “spring” and “awakening” seems to have been borrowed from the 1989 reform movements in the former Eastern-block nations, such as in the former German Democratic Republic or Hungary. However, this comparison has been criticised by some analysts since both the circumstances which have led to these movements as well as the outcome of these reform efforts seem to differ quite a lot. Yet, the Arab Spring term seems to be still widely used and even found an extension in the creation of the term Arab Winter which refers to events that happened in 2012 in some Arab countries during which these reform movements seemed to have “cooled-off” and particular nations, such as Egypt, attempted to go back to the status-quo of the pre-2011 era.

The contribution of Pope John XXIII has been profound, as many of his initiatives and actions are still resonating today. His acceptance of Jesus’ words “I came to save all nations.” Represented his motivation to do well and bring peace upon the world. He was an advocate of Christian unity, social justice, human rights and the promotion of world peace. It is through his development of the Second Vatican Council, his contribution to ecumenism and his empathy for humanity that Pope John XXIII made a significant impact upon the development and expression of Christianity.

Many countries in Europe were filled with fear when considering the Pan-Slavic movement sweeping the region. Pan-Slavism was a movement by the many Slavic groups in Europe to unite under one entity, in order to achieve their shared goals for the future of their people. Consequently, countries with a large Slav population feared that this movement would inspire a desire among the people to fight for freedom and to form a large new state of Slavs. This would subsequently cause the country to have to deal with internal rebellions and a possible loss of large territory. In fact, Austria’s representative at the Congress of Vienna, Prince von Metternich, feared that the usual occurrences of the country would be threatened by the nationalists adhering