SOLAR TRACKING FOR OPTIMUM POWER GENERATION
NAME: - PRITAM PHILIP KISKU
ID: - 201201005
INTRODUCTION “An embedded system is a system that has a software embedded into computer-hardware, which makes a system dedicated for an application(s) or specific part of an application or product or part of a larger system.” – Embedded Systems by McGraw-Hill Education. The topic of the case study is “Solar Tracking for Optimum Power Generation”.
The demand for energy is increasing day-by-day and has led to uneven global distribution of primary energy consumption. The non-renewable energy resources like coal and petroleum will eventually run out. So the only option left will be renewable energy resources like sun, wind, waves and
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ADC used in the circuit converts analog signals to digital signals. It is done because digital signals have less chance of interference during transmission.
CdS light sensors are used to detect intensity of sunlight. There are four such sensors connected to balance sensor which is further connected to ADC to detect through which angle the panel is to be rotated.
Step motor drivers and step motors rotate the solar panel in the required angle and direction.
Array of solar panels absorb solar energy.
SOFTWARE TOOLS
For the EDA (electronic design automation) hardware development tool, Altera’s Quartus II software is used for compilation and programming of the FPGA. The Block Editor is used to generate the upper Block Design File (.bdf). This software provides design entry methods such as VHDL, Verilog HDL, Altera Hardware Description Language (AHDL) and ModelSim software for system simulation. The MegaWizard Plug-In-Manager is used to generate low-order VHDL design files.
SPECIFICATIONS NIOS II EMBEDDED PROCESSOR
The Nios II processor is a general-purpose RISC processor core with the following features: -
Full 32-bit instruction set, data path and address space
32 general-purpose registers
Memory management unit (MMU) to support operating systems that require MMUs
Software development environment based on the GNU C/C++ tool chain and the Nios II Software Build Tools (SBT) for Eclipse
Optional memory protection unit (MPU)
A Nios II
if the battery is fully charged it shows and display that the battery is charged and MPPT get off but if the battery is not charged it checks that the sun light is available or not as it is day time or night ?if night it displays that the battery is not charged and MPPT gets off if there were day it senses the solar position to sense the best voltage to charge the battery if there is problem in sensing it changes the position as if there is need to change the position of panel it generates PWM to move panel and displays solar panel tracking message. If there is no need to change the position of panel MPPT starts sensing the PV Volt and the current then it displays the charging current and so the algorithm reaches to its
This section gives the details and specification of the hardware on which the system is expected to work.
In society one is told to be individualistic, but is shamed for acting out of customary behaviors. Customary behaviors include, routines, societal rules, and organized religion. The individual believes they are responsible for their outcomes; although, various factors play into who is responsible for the results. In The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Mr. Dimmesdale is a figure of hypocrisy which Hawthorne uses to prove that organized religion has consequences, and to corroborate that Dimmesdale is partially responsible for his actions while the townspeople hold a higher power for forcing him into his actions.
Renewable energy sources like solar, wind and hydroelectric are available but are not used often. I want us to put a limit on countries on how much non-renewable energy sources they can use. Only if we work together, help the other countries can we accomplish this. In fact, just today(1/24) Scotland has set a goal for using 50% renewable energy by 2030. I think that Scotland has set a realistic goal and that other countries should follow their lead. Non-renewable energy sources are bound to run out and when they do, we can either be ready by using renewable energy or have a global crisis. One of the best renewable energy sources currently is solar energy. Solar panels cost very little to install and have little to no maintenance. The sun provides us with more energy than we need. In fact, in just over an hour, the sun provides enough energy to run the world for an entire year. Even with the current 20% efficient solar panels, we could easily solve our energy problem. Therefore, by beginning to transition to solar energy today, we will be preventing a catastrophe of
The processor (otherwise known as CPU) is the very soul and performance core of the computer system; it is what allows the operating system and other software applications to-run. Every program demands dedication from the processor to decode commands that are then actionedinside the CPU to make them work.When a program is running, the CPU has to make every command work consistently one after the other. However, modern processors have the power to process commands side by side. This means that the quicker the commands are executed, the quicker the program responds to the user. Central Processing Units (CPUs) play an important role when it comes to maintaining
During Niccolo Machiavelli’s time, Italy was the epitome of political conflict. Machiavelli witnessed an array political change from the expulsion of the Medici family to the rise of Girolamo Savanorola. He even served as a diplomat to Pope Julius, but when the Medici family regained control of Florence, Machiavelli was dismissed from office and accused of participating in a conspiracy. As a result, he was held in jail for three weeks and was tortured brutally. After his release, Machiavelli began writing The Prince, a book that outlines in a very straightforward and logical manner how a prince should procure and maintain his princedom. Though he is seemingly expressing his thoughts about how men should approach their journey to princedom in his book, The Prince, there is an underlying cynical discernment about the dark shadow of human nature, perhaps a perception that stemmed from Machiavelli’s excruciating time in prison. To Machiavelli, the real truth is that men are simply selfish individuals who are almost animal-like in their actions and will spare no humanity if it means becoming a prince and successfully keeping their princedom. He accepts this truth and proceeds by writing a very systematic and binary how-to manual that describes every decision a prince can make and its outcome. In every chapter, Machiavelli outlines another aspect of ruling a princedom and in every chapter, Machiavelli expresses another cynical attitude toward human nature.
How does it work? Musk says, “that the panels draw from handy fusion reactor in the sky known as the sun.” What exactly does that mean? Solar panel store energy during the day and the extra solar energy are used to run your home at night, or can even be used as a backup during a power outage.
Two learners have been selected in St. Mary’s East Primary School to be the central focus of analysis within the study. The participants, *Dylan and *Cain, are two Caucasian males within an 17 student mixed gender inclusion kindergarten classroom. To gather data that will benefit all learning styles within the classroom, *Dylan was chosen as he is classified as gifted, and *Cain because he is currently on an individualized education program (IEP). The results from a pre-test and an end of unit number formation test as well as informal observations, visual representations on whiteboards, and discussions from both focus learners, will be analyzed to determine the effectiveness of assessments for improved knowledge of number formation between
Solar energy may define as the energy received by the earth from the sun. This solar energy is in the form of solar radiation. With the help of solar cells, solar radiation can convert into electricity. Sun is a highly powerful energy source, humans and natures are directly depending on the sun. For example in hydro-electricity the solar energy needed for the evaporation of water after that it returns to earth as rain and provides water in dams. In biomass, the solar energy used that process. Solar cells directly converted solar radiation into electricity, during the process time there is no noise or pollution are there. These cells made with some semiconducting materials. If use solar cells in our home it will help to reduce the greenhouse gas emission, minimise the percentage of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere and mainly reduce the necessity of fossil fuels and natural gas use to produce electricity. According to the Ben Sorensen, solar energy is one of a good source of substitute energy, for the reason that it is renewable, economical and does not pollute our environment. Thus, this essay will be divided into three parts. Firstly, we will talk about fossil fuels and its demerits. Secondly, we will look at the issues and implications of solar energy. Finally, we will focus on the advantageous and disadvantageous of solar energy respectively.
Photovoltaic (PV) is the most common solar collector used today; an example is the panels people put on rooftops or vending machines.
Recently, the price of unrenewable energy resource such as oil, coral and natural gas is increasing by time because of rare and more and more usage for individual and industries. Solar panels which use energy from Sun are considered as renewable energy through the form of solar radiation, UV. Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they
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This chapter introduces different components of the experimental apparatus, including the model numbers for the motherboard and power supply. Based on previous research, three different Intel processors were selected and investigated in this study, including I5-4670K, Pentium G3258 and I7-4770K. These processors are compatible with LGA 1150 socket on the motherboard after significant processor modifications described in this section.
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