Social Inequalities In The Middle Ages

In the early 1900s, the disease syphilis was a concern for the masses especially for individuals in the African American community. It was a common belief that

Instead of treating syphilis, the U.S Public Health Service wanted to study the effects of syphilis untreated in black males. The U.S Public Health Service method was to withhold treatment from 400 black males who were poor and uneducated. They also recruited 200 participants who were not infected with syphilis. These males were promised free medical care and free medicine for treatment. The experiment was only supposed to last for six months, but lasted longer. While watching the Deadly Conception , two survivors by the names of Herman Shaw , and Charles Pollard revealed that they were not allowed to quit the study, be allowed help from outside doctors, and did not know exactly they were being treated for. When the U.S Government found a cure for syphilis called penicillin, they withheld this medication and information from the black males. The U.S Government could have cure these men, but chose not to because they had went so long without treatment. Almost half of the black men died, and passed syphilis to their wives and eventually to the babies. Unfortunately, these black people did not question these white doctors and were used as guinea

The subjects in this experiment were in fact affected in great deals. They suffered throughout most of their life, from the point of infection all the way until death. While there were medicines available that had the ability to cure those who were sick, the subjects were so illiterate and undereducated that they had no way of knowing about what was going on. The doctors abused all of the patients and crossed several boundaries between personal rights and hospital rights. They lied to the black men, assuring them that they were curing the syphilis. However, not once throughout the entire experiment, did the doctors reveal the truth. Lies were weaved in and out as days, months, and the years of the study went by. Skloot explains in her article, “Taking the Least of You,” that during a court case in 1984 involving patient rights and patient property, the judges ruled, “‘A patient must have the ultimate control of what becomes of his or her tissues. To hold otherwise would open the door to a massive invasion of human privacy and dignity in the name of medical progress’” (Skloot 4). Not only did the doctors of the study abuse the men’s personal rights during the experiment, they also affected them long-term, after the first six months of the study. Brandt explains in his article that, “During the forty years of the experiment, the USPHS had

This sexual fear mongering among whites at the time created tension and distrust, as well as violence and mistreatment in some cases. Whites held tightly to their sexual fears, looking down upon and even mistreating other races as a manifestation of their own insecurities and fears of inadequacy. The Anglo Americans in California had at this point established in practice and in their own minds a position of dominance, primarily in regards to sexuality. White women in California were scarce, and sexual violence towards Indian women by white men were common (Hurtado 71). Anglo dominance over other racial groups would only be furthered by the prevalence of prostitution in California.

Every culture is different and does everyday things in different ways. Just like a family would. Ethnic Hash a short story written by Patricia J. Williams, creates all types of cultures put in one. This short story is good for explaining what cultures are like thrown together in one party. There are families who have more than just one race.

I assume that in today’s world, there is a lot of information and scholarly research available that shows factors such as economic status, income, social situations, education, ethnicity, employment, availability of affordable housing and geographical (place where one was born and lives) conditions have a tremendous impact on the health and well-being of individuals, countries and communities (Amaro, 2014). Inequalities in health and well-being are created by social determinants and economic conditions for many in our community (Brannigan &Boss). The people that are affected the most are people with low income and minority groups here in the United States. This creates health disparities and unequal care (Brannigan &Boss). In many developing and under-developed countries, the situation is dire: lack of modern health services, illiteracy, poor economic conditions has created a cultural situation of desperation and unhealthy behaviors. Corruption by African governments is rampant. To improve the health and wellbeing of communities, we need to start thinking of how we can create a culture of health.

Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals" (1920, C.E.A. Winslow). This therefore infers public health is the preventing and controlling of disease within communities, to prolong life and promote health through organised society. The keys aspects of public health …

“Among all the known contributors to health, access to health care plays a minor role. Until the United States definitively addresses inequities in those social and economic domains that are key to health, such as behaviors, education, income, and environment, inequalities in health will persist” (Lyon, et. al, 2014).

The difference in health outcomes and the determinants between parts of a population caused by social, demographic, environmental and geographic characteristics is defined as health disparities (Dore & Eisenhardt,2015). Societal, economic, and political forces impact social determinants. (Dore & Eisenhardt, 2015) have indicated that health inequities are avoidable and preventable when appropriate actions are taken to lower the risk of illness.

These disparities are obvious in some key measures of wellbeing including life expectancy, the risk for disease, and access to health care (Disparities in Health, 2015). Historically, the major factors contributing to shorter longevity and high rates of disease are overcrowding, poor sanitation and low availability of treatment facilities. However, the change of theses socioeconomic

Unfortunately, native women were also used for sexual reasons during the fur trade. They were treated with no dignity from their aboriginal husbands or community. At the time, in most areas of the world it was not acceptable for a European to have sexual contact with a Native woman. In the Indian society, the exchanging of wives was very common, for an Indian husband deemed it perfectly proper

This paper discusses the ideas presented by Richard Wilkinson, in the video How economic inequality harms societies (2011). Three compelling concepts arise from the video which are that there was no longer a correlation between gross national income and health and social problems; it is also possible to attain greater equality as evidenced by what some countries are doing to reduce the income gap; and inequalities vary based on their health impact across the social gradient but nonetheless is present from top to bottom. In order to tackle the health problems and improve the health of individuals within societies, social justice actions geared at the inequalities seen in the healthcare system and other institutions are crucial. This paper also

Think about the MORAL model. After reviewing your peers’ comments, has your thinking about the issue changed? Why or why not.

The Tuskegee syphilis experiment was an experiment conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service between 1932 and 197. In this experiment, the investigators recruited 399 African American share croppers infected with syphilis. Their purpose was to study the effects of the untreated disease. In 1932 the standard treatments for syphilis were toxic and it was questionable whether or not they actually worked. The goal, at the experiment’s beginning, was to determine if a patient was better off without such toxic treatments. The experimenters also hoped to develop effective methods of treating each stage of syphilis. They also hoped to be able to justify treatment programs for blacks. However, by 1947 penicillin became the new and effective medical

Continuous changes in the world’s economy have forced companies to go beyond their commercial purposes and pay attention to the importance of social actions. One of the first scholars to initiate the requirement of social initiatives for corporate enterprises was Bowen (1953). He argued that businessmen should aim broader than just maximizing profits for shareholders and should contribute to the society as well (Carroll, 1999). Eventually, more scholars performed research on a firm’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) and tried to define this new insight. A few decades later, Elkington (1997) introduced the term ‘Triple Bottom Line” (Carroll, 1999). He referred to three dimensions that could be impacted by a company’s system and policy,