Smell Neuron Research Paper

Ani Lui explained the importance of smell and how we can use it to fix are problems in life. “Nothing is more memorable than a smell. One scent can be unexpected, momentary, and fleeting, yet conjure up a childhood summer beside a lake in the mountains” (Diane Ackerman).On Ted Talk, Lui talked about how smell can be a huge resource to our everyday life.The show was called “Smelfes, and other experiments in synthetic biology”. She showed pictures of fruits like strawberries that could grow its own fruit. Ani Lui is from EIT lab, a designer. She sorts out science fiction and science fact. At their lab, they study artificial life and objects. Back in the 19-century women would put an apple under there underarm. If the man ate the apple that meant

On Monday, November 13, 2017, it was discovered that Kaymell purloined three (3) supplies containers and several pencils, crayons, markers, colored pencils, and other stationeries. The items were confiscated and returned to the owners, which were two of his classmates that he is usually very close to. Both students stated that they did not present the items as gifts to Kaymell nor did they lend it to him. In addition, they mentioned that he might have gotten the items from their desks when they were absent during center time, this is the time that they usually meet as a group and work together.

Doctor Linqun Luo is a professor here at Stanford and currently teaches neurobiology and does research as the principal investigator in the Luo Lab as a member of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. His primary research area is the human brain focusing on neural circuits and how they function, how precise are the connections, how they develop. To this end his lab is using fly and mouse models to study their various circuits, centering mainly on the olfactory, and exploring the early development of neural networks in mammals (Luo Lab Bio). In order to write this commentary on the topic “How do neurons connect with each other”, I have chosen two pieces to read. The first, from Science magazine, outlines the main issues, goals, and paths the world is taking to understand to understand neuroscience including the research being done to answer the question in his topic. The second paper, from Cell Press, is a much more technical paper which outlines one of the pathways Luo isolated in the olfactory cortex of mice and how their neurons may connect.

Smell, on the other hand, is the sense that comes from odor molecules attaching to the olfactory nerve. Air carries the odor into the nose. Then odor contacts the olfactory nerves at the top of the nasal passages. The the olfactory nerves send a signal to the olfactory bulb of the brain, and the nerve sends a signal to the front of the brain. The forebrain translates the signals of the odor into a specific smell (Swindle, Mark).

When flavor hits the tongue, it activates a taste cell. The taste cell then passes a message to the brain so you can know what you’re tasting. Your tongue is covered with taste buds and each one is filled with different types of taste receptor cells. The base of every taste cell in the taste bud is linked to an axon. The axon is part of a brain cell located in a bundle of cells behind your

For a smell to be perceived it must be an odorant, a molecule that can be smelled. These odorants then go up into the nostrils and into the nasal cavity. Most are filtered by the cilia, or nose hairs. The ones that make it all the way up to olfactory receptor cells dissolve into the mucus coating the olfactory mucosa. Each receptor cell can detect only one type of scent. After each specific receptor is triggered, the potential travels down the axon to the olfactory bulb which contains neural junctions called the glomerulus. Then the action potential travels to thru the glomerulus to another nerve cell a mitral cell. It relays information to the brain. Once in the brain it can go one of two ways. It can take the subcortical route which goes

Case study one, The case study of Amy cooking dinner for her family and gets burnt in the process analysis that the receptor neurons responsible for sending information from her finger to her peripheral nervous system are the sensory (afferent) neurons. These neurons bring information about our surroundings from the sense organs to the brain and spinal cord. The sensory division of the peripheral nervous system carries all types of sensory information to the central nervous system including that from the special senses of touch, smell, taste, hearing, sight, pain, body position and a variety of visceral sensory information (biology reference, 2017). Typically, the afferent receptor neurons are responsible for sensing a stimulus and sending information about the stimulus reaction to the central nervous system (biology reference, 2017).

agree with you that before reading Dickinson's passage, I never thought that simple smell can be rhetoric. I like your example of a boba shop because they are mostly decorated with themes and have many different selections like Starbucks. I did not notice that such small materials can be symbolic. I also agree with you that everything is symbolic and powerful and every material holds

The human nervous system is divided into two parts, the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system, CNS, is just the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system, PNS, includes the nerves and neurons that extend outwards from CNS, to transmit information to your limbs and organs for example. Communication between your cells is extremely important, neurons are the messengers that relay information to and from your brain.

In the article, “A Spectroscopic Mechanism for Primary Olfactory Reception,” by Luca Turin talks about the theory of primary olfactory. In this article he said, “Olfactory receptors respond not to the shape of the molecule but their vibrations,” which was a theory proposed by Wright Dyson (Turin). Dyson came up with this theory because he noticed that molecules can look very similar but smell completely different; the molecules can also look completely different and smell the same as well. For instance the molecular makeup of smell in bananas and pears, they can look very similar, but smell like two different things.

Just like we use signals throughout our daily lives to help and direct us, our cells use them too. Signaling is a crucial form of communication utilized by our cells to send messages back and forth. Without it, we would not be alive. The signals originate from either the environment or from our cells themselves. There are various types of signaling throughout our body to correspond to the area in our bodies where the signal is occurring. Signaling involves three components: a cell that sends the signal called the sending molecule, the signaling molecule itself called a ligand, and the cell that receives the ligand called the receptor molecule. The distance of how far the signal is sent is also categorized into local or long-distance signaling.

Mint is distinctively sharper and cooler than a pine tree. Sushi is a clean smell, with a combination of sweet rice and subtle notes of ginger and lemon. An apple pie has the scent of summer because of the warmth of the cinnamon and nutmeg. Christmas is earthy mixed with a hint of sharp, clean aroma. Books are musty yet crisp, similar to a hundred-dollar bill. A dog’s pungent breath smell much like corn chips and hot dogs. Blood is an acrid, sweet, metallic aroma. Lavender is floral and has herbal notes with balsamic undertones. Ocean water is overwhelming and heavy.

What is a Fragrance Chemist? A fragrance chemist is a researcher who conducts experiments to create scents for household products and cosmetics. These scientists frequently work in labs creating fragrances that will not adversely affect consumer such as making it a hypoallergenic. These scientists test the chemical components to ensure that they do not react negatively when added to the product. These experts have to follow the correct guidelines when handling chemicals in order to avoid the dangers of any safety or health hazards(Ford).

It has been alleged that the perception of flavor and aroma are “derived from the senses of chemical irritation, taste and smell” (Rawson, 2003). Collectively, these senses constitute what has been termed chemosensation, even though these sensory systems are supposedly very different in their physiology and anatomy. Nevertheless, they do have the ability to “regenerate, and their noted susceptibility to aging and age associated diseases” (Rawson, 2003). In the article Is age related olfactory loss uniform across odorants? It has been reported that nearly one third of all older persons report displeasure with their sense of smell and taste, and the actual occurrence of sensory loss amongst the elderly is maintained to be

The senses of smell and taste are chemically based senses that are unique to the other senses in the way in which the brain interprets them. Unlike other senses which are perceived and categorized analytically, taste and smell both pass through the emotional response center of the brain on the way to their being stored as memories, evoking an emotional association to their formation as engrams. Consider the unlikely association between taste and smell and the emotional response that they can trigger; a chemical reaction that gives off a gaseous “odor”, completely quantifiable by scientific standards, can trigger a purely